Pat Testing Stuff : 2009/10

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Building Regulations do state that structures built of combustible material ( i.e. a wooden shed ) must be at least 2 metres from the main house. ( Useful Junk )

local Building Control.
These rules DO apply to DIY activities, anyone carrying out DIY changes which are notifiable will have to submit a building notice to the local authority before starting work and pay the fee to have the work inspected and tested.

Problems may be encountered when trying to sell a property which has had notifiable electrical work carried out but for which the appropriate certificate cannot be produced.

PAT Test - Extension Leads

Extension Leads
Where extension leads are fitted with a standard 3 pin socket outlet these should be tested as Class1 appliances with the addition of a polarity check. Any such extension leads that are found to be without an earth wire should be marked as defective and removed from service.

The length of an extension lead should be checked to ensure that it is not so great that the appliance performance may be affected by voltage drop. Additionally, the length should not exceed the following:

core area maximum length
1.25mm2 12 metres
1.5mm2 15 metres
2.5mm2 25 metres

2.5mm2 extension leads are too large for standard 13A plugs, although they may be used with BS EN 60309 industrial plugs. Extension leads exceeding the above lengths should be fitted with a 30mA RCD manufactured to BS 7071.

Cable reels must be used within their reeled or unreeled ratings as appropriate.

PAT Test Reasons
1).Faulty electrical appliances and leads are the main cause of accidental fires in commercial buildings, representing over a quarter of all such fires.
2) It is your legal responsibility as an employer to provide a safe working environment
3) The majority of insurance companies now make it a stipulation of your insurance cover.

Portable Appliance Testing
( PAT Testing )
PAT Testing Legislation
The legislation of specific relevance to electrical maintenance is the:

* Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 is the basis of all Health and Safety Legislation in the UK. The law is all encompassing and sets out the general obligations that:
a. Employers have towards their employees and members of the public and
b .Employers have for themselves, each other and members of the public.
The law requires that an assessment of risk is made and that reasonably practicable measures are put in place to minimise any risk.

It is clear that the law sets out the general guidelines regarding safety.

* Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999
The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 state:
"Every employer shall make suitable and sufficient assessment of:
(a) the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst at work, and
(b) the risks to ensure the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or inconnection with the conduct by him or his undertaking."
Again it is clear that an assessment of risk has to made and reasonably practicable steps taken to minimise such risk.

* Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 state:
“All systems shall at all times be of such construction as to prevent, so far as reasonably practicable, such danger."
"As may be necessary to prevent danger, all systems shall be maintained so as to prevent, so far as reasonably practicable, such danger."
“ System” means an electrical system in which all the electrical equipment is, or may be, electrically connected to a common source of electrical energy and includes such source and such equipment
“ Electrical Equipment” includes anything used, intended to be used or installed for use, to generate, provide, transmit, transform, rectify, convert, conduct, distribute, control, store, measure or use electrical energy."

It is clear that these regulations require a regime of testing and inspection to maintain portable appliances in a safe condition.

* Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 ( PUWER )
PAT Testing Legislation - The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER)
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
1998 state:
“Every employer shall ensure that work equipment is so constructed or adapted as to be suitable for which it is provided."
The PUWER 1998 covers most risks that can result from using work equipment. With respect to risks from electricity, compliance with the -Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 is likely to achieve compliance with the PUWER 1998.
- PUWER 1998 only applies to work equipment used by workers at work. This includes all work equipment (fixed, transportable or portable) connected to a source of electrical energy.
- PUWER does not apply to fixed installations in a building. The electrical safety of these installations is dealt with only by the Electricity at Work Regulations

* Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992
Scope of the legislation.
It is clear that the combination of the HSW Act 1974, the PUWER 1998 and the EAW Regulations 1989 apply to all electrical equipment used in, or associated with, places of work. The scope extends from distribution systems down to the smallest piece of electrical equipment. It is clear that there is a requirement to inspect and test all types of electrical equipment in all work situations.

The Electricity at Work regulations states that:
"No person shall be engaged in any work activity where technical knowledge or experience is necessary to prevent danger, or where appropriate, injury, unless he possesses such knowledge or experience, or is under such degree of supervision as may be appropriate having regard to the nature of the work".

The IEE Code of Practice states:
those carrying out the inspection and testing must be competent to undertake the inspection and, where appropriate, testing of electrical equipment and appliances having due regard of their own safety and that of others. What should be considered is that the 'danger' to be prevented, includes not just the dangers which may arise during the testing procedure to the tester and others, but also the dangers which may arise at a later date as a result of using equipment which has not been effectively tested.

The tester must have an understanding of the modes of electrical, mechanical or thermal damage to electrical equipment and appliances and their flexes which may be encountered in any environment.

Training must include the identification of equipment and appliance types to determine the test procedures and frequency of inspection and testing. Persons testing must be familiar with the test instruments used and in particular their limitations and restrictions so as to achieve repeatable results without damaging the equipment or the appliance

PAT Test Equipment Types
There are many European standards and guidance notes regarding portable appliances and equipment, though they do not establish a common and specific definition of such equipment. Even so, there does seem to be a consensus of opinion that such equipment is either hand held whilst being connected to the supply, or is intended to be moved whilst connected to the supply, or is capable of being moved without undue difficulty whilst connected to the supply.

It is usual for this equipment to be connected to the supply via a plug and socket, however this is not a requirement for electrical equipment to be deemed portable or transportable. It is common to define a portable appliance by saying that it is 'anything with a plug top on the end of it'. This is a mistake as it may mean that there are some appliances in the system that are never tested.

The IEE Code of Practice gives guidance on the various equipment types:

Portable appliance
An appliance of less than 18kg in mass that is intended to be moved whilst in operation or an appliance which can easily be moved from one place to another, e.g. vacuum cleaner, toaster, food mixer, etc.
Movable equipment (transportable)
This equipment is either:
18 kg or less in mass and not fixed, e.g. electric fire. or
Equipment with wheels, castors or other means to facilitate movement by the operator as required to perform its intended use, e.g. air conditioning unit

Hand Held equipment or appliances
This is portable equipment intended to be held in the hand during normal use, e.g. hair dryer.

Stationary equipment or appliances
This equipment has a mass exceeding 18kg and is not provided with a carrying handle, e.g. refrigerator

Fixed Equipment/appliances
This equipment or an appliance which is fastened to a support or otherwise secured in a specific location, e.g. bathroom heater

Appliances/equipment for building in
This equipment is intended to be installed in a prepared recess such as a cupboard or similar. In general, equipment for building in does not have exposure on all sides because one or more of the sides, additional protection against electrical shock is provided by the surroundings, e.g. built in electric cooker

Information technology equipment
Information technology equipment includes electrical business equipment such as computers and mains powered telecommunications equipment, and other equipment for general business use, such as mail processing machines, VDU's photo-copiers

Code of Pratice
In-Service Inspection & Testing

 

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PAT Test - Appliance Type

There are 3 main types of appliance commonly encountered in normal business and domestic environments.
Class1
Class1 equipment is defined as equipment where protection against electric shock is achieved by using basic insulation and also by providing a means of connecting the conductive parts that could become "live", if the insulation fails,to the protective earthing conductor in the fixed installation wiring.

Class1 equipment relies upon a satisfactory earth in the fixed installation , and connection to it, to ensure its safety. Portable Appliance testing of Class1 appliances only tests the integrity of the earth connection in the appliance and cannot test for the integrity within the fixed wiring. It is therefore also a requirement to have periodic fixed wiring installation tests.

ClassII
Class II equipment is defined as equipment in which protection against electric shock is provided by basic insulation and additional supplementary or reinforced insulation. Commonly described as doubly insulated. These appliances do not rely upon installation conditions and should have no provision for protective earthing.

Class III
Class III equipment is defined as equipment that relies on supply from a SELV ( Safety extra low Voltage ) source to protect against electric shock.

PAT Test Testing Frequency
The Health & Safety Executive offers no absolute rules on the frequency of the testing and inspection of portable appliances. The Memorandum of Guidance on the Electricity at Work Regulations suggests that 'regular inspection of equipment is an essential part of any preventative maintenance program’, but no attempt is made to specify the intervals of time implied by the word 'regular'. The reason for this omission is obvious; different situations require different measures in order to meet the requirement that the danger is prevented. The factors which effect the frequency of testing must be assessed by the duty holder who thereby makes the judgement.

In arriving at a judgement as to the frequency of testing, a duty holder is likely to assess the following factors:-

1. The environment - equipment installed in a benign environment will suffer less damage than equipment in an arduous environment.
2. Users - if the users report damage as and when it becomes evident, hazards will be avoided. Conversely, if equipment is likely to receive unreported abuse, more frequent inspection and testing is required.
3. The equipment construction - the safety of a Class 1 appliance is dependant upon a connection with earth of the electrical installation. If the flexible cable is damaged the connection with earth can be lost. Safety of Class 2 equipment is not dependent upon the fixed electrical installation.
4. The equipment type - appliances which are hand held are more likely to be damaged than fixed appliances. If they are Class 1 the risk of danger is increased, as the safety is dependant upon the . continuity of the protective conductor from the plug to the appliance

The IEE have produced suggested frequencies for Portable Appliance Testing dependent upon type of Appliance and environment.

The IEE Code of Practice recognises four test situations.
1. Type Testing to an appropriate standard
2. Production testing
3. In-Service testing
4. Testing after repair

This area of the site is limited in covering topics concerned with In Service Testing only. Details on the other three test situations are covered briefly within the associated electrical standards page.

In Service Testing is carried out as a routine to determine whether the equipment is in a satisfactory condition.

In-Service testing will involve the following:
(a) Preliminary inspection
(b) Earth continuity tests (for Class 1 equipment)
(c) Insulation testing (Which may sometimes be substituted by earth leakage measurement)
(d) Functional checks.

Electrical testing should be performed by a person who is competent in the safe use of the test equipment and who knows how to interpret the test results obtained. This person must be capable of inspecting the equipment and, where necessary, dismantling it to check the cable connections.

If equipment is permanently connected to the fixed installation, e.g. by a flex outlet or other accessory, the accessory will need to be detached from its box or enclosure so that the connections can be inspected. Such work should only be carried out by a competent person.

PAT Test - Competency in PAT
The Electricity at Work regulations states that:
"No person shall be engaged in any work activity where technical knowledge or experience is necessary to prevent danger, or where appropriate, injury, unless he possesses such knowledge or experience, or is under such degree of supervision as may be appropriate having regard to the nature of the work"

The IEE Code of Practice states:
those carrying out the inspection and testing must be competent to undertake the inspection and, where appropriate, testing of electrical equipment and appliances having due regard of their own safety and that of others.

The tester must have an understanding of the modes of electrical, mechanical or thermal damage to electrical equipment and appliances and their flexes which may be encountered in any environment.

Training must include the identification of equipment and appliance types to determine the test procedures and frequency of inspection and testing. Persons testing must be familiar with the test instruments used and in particular their limitations and restrictions so as to achieve repeatable results without damaging the equipment or the appliance.

What is clear is that there is no legal definition on how competency is achieved. Reports from customers of previous PAT companies employing scaffolders. providing a half day in house training program and declaring them competent does stretch the definition though.

PAT engineers are trained by the Institute of Electrical engineers and hold the City and Guilds 2377 Certificate of Competence for the Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment.

PAT Test - Visual Inspection
Formal visual inspections should only be carried out by persons competent to do so. The results of the inspection must be documented.

The following must also be considered when carrying out the inspection.

The Environment
Where appliances are used in an environment that is harsh or hazardous, including but not limited to, high or low temperatures, pressure, corrosive, wet or dirty conditions, particular care needs to be taken when initially selecting the appropriate equipment and also when assessing the frequency of inspection and testing.

Good Housekeeping
The appliances should be installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. The following are some examples of items that should also be inspected.

(a) Cables located so as unlikely to become damaged.
(b) Means of disconnection/isolation readily accessible
(c) Space for adequate equipment ventilation
(d) Cups, plants and work material not likely to cause danger.
(e) Equipment positioned to avoid strain on cord
(f) Equipment is being operated with the covers in place and any doors are closed
(g) Indiscriminate use of multi-way adaptors and trailing sockets is avoided
(h) No unprotected cables run under carpets

Disconnection of equipment
The means of isolation from the electricity supply must be readily accessible to the user, i.e. in normal circumstances it must be possible to reach the plug and socket without too much difficulty.

The condition of the equipment
Users should be asked if they are aware of any faults and if the equipment works correctly. The following items need to be inspected:

(a) The flexible cable, Is it in good condition? Free from damage ?
(b) The socket outlet, if known, Is it free from damage?
(c) The appliance, Does it work, Is the case damaged?
(d) The plug head:
(d) (i) Check that detachable mains leads (DML's) to Class 1 equipment incorporate a continuous protective conductor (earth connection).
(d) (ii) Look for signs of overheating
(d) (iii) Internal inspection; cord security, polarity, connections
(d) (iv) If non-rewirable plug; cord security
(d) (v) Correct size fuse fitted, securely gripped,BS marked, ASTA marked
(d) (vi) Security of plug cover
(d) (vii) Check the flexible cable connections and anchorage at the equipment, if practical

Some of the above checks may not be possible for equipment fitted with a non rewirable plug.

PAT Test - Combined Electrical Testing

Electrical testing will involve the following:
(i) Earth bond continuity tests
(ii) Insulation resistance testing
(iii) Functional checks

(i) Earth Bond continuity Test (Class 1 equipment only):
The resistance should not exceed (0.1+R) Ohms (where R is the resistance of the lead)

Either of the following tests may be performed:

A continuity measurement with a short-circuit test current within the range 20mA to 200mA
or
A continuity measurement with a test current not less than 1.5 times the rating of the fuse and no greater than 25A for a period of between 5 and 20 seconds.

(ii) Insulation Resistance Test:
The applied test voltage should be approximately 500 Vdc
Class 1 Heating equipment => 3kW 0.3M Ohms
Class 1 All other equipment 1M Ohms
Class 2 Equipment 2M Ohms
Class 3 Equipment 250k Ohms

(iii) Functional Tests:
The appliance should be checked for correct operation

 

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Re: ***Useful Information For The Working Sparky***

PAT Test - PAT Records
Although there is no requirement in the Electricity at Work Regulations to keep records of equipment and of inspections and tests, the HSE Memorandum of Guidance on these regulations advises that records of maintenance including tests should be kept throughout the working life of equipment.

The keeping of suitable records then is well advised. They provide evidence for the defence in the event of a prosecution; more practically, such records enable the close monitoring of the equipment highlighting potential faults or adverse trends. They are also essential in forming an accurate assessment of the necessary frequency of testing. For example, if over a number of consecutive test cycles few or no failures were recorded then the duty holder may consider reducing the frequency of tests, obviously the converse may also apply.

PAT Test - Plug Fuses

For the convenience of users, appliance manufacturers have standardised on two plug fuse ratings- 3A & 13A and adopted appropriate flex sizes. For appliances up to 700W a 3A fuse is used, for those over 700W a 13A fuse is used.

The fuse in the plug is not fitted to protect the appliance, although in practice it often does this. Appliances are generally designed to European standards for use throughout Europe. In most countries the plug is unfused. If an appliance needs a fuse to comply with the standard it must be fitted within the appliance. The fuse in the plug protects against faults in the flex and can allow the use of a reduced csa flexible cable. This is advantageous for such appliances as electric blankets, soldering irons and Christmas tree lights, where the flexibility of a small flexible cable is desirable.

PAT Test - Flex Replacement

For flexes to be protected by the fuse in a BS1363 plug there is no limit to their length, providing their cross-sectional areas are below:
3A 0.5mm2
13A 1.25mm2
Other considerations such as voltage drop may limit flex lengths. Smaller csa's than those given are acceptable if flex lengths are restricted. However, for replacement purposes the above simplified guidance is appropriate.

PAT Test - Plug Replacement

The plug connections and condition should be inspected during the Visual Inspection. One of the most common reworks conducted by JPS is rewiring of the plug and fuse replacement. Some of the following checks may not be possible for equipment fitted with a non rewirable plug.

(i) check that the detachable power supply cords to Class 1 equipment incorporate a continuous protective conductor.

(ii)look for signs of overheating - this may be caused by a fault in the plug ( e.g a loose connection) or by a faulty socket outlet (or connection)

(iii)remove the cover of the plug. Check that the flexible cable is properly secured in the cord anchorage - gripping the sheath so that there is no strain on the cable cores or the terminations.

(iv)If the plug is of the non rewirable type , the cable grip should be tested by firmly pulling and twisting the cable. No movement should be apparent.

(v)check that the cable core terminations are tight, the plug is correctly connected, there is no excessive removal of insulation, that there are no loose strands and that the cable cores are not strained.

(vi)the fuse should be securely gripped, and should not show any signs of overheating. Check that the fuse is to BS 1362 and is approved - an ASTA mark shows that it has been approved for safety. Check the rating of the fuse - most appliances upto about 700W should have a 3A fuse fitted (red). For appliances over about 700W fit a 13A fuse (brown). Non rewirable plugs will have the appropriate fuse rating marked on them. It should be stressed that the fuse is solely in place to protect the flex. The flex should have the csa marked on it.

(vii)when replacing the plug cover check that it fits properly and will not come loose during use
(viii)check the flexible cable connections and anchorage at the equipment, if practicable

Test Intervals – How to Decide

The following table specifies general test intervals based on typical use. Ultimately an assessment needs to be made based on how an item is used in order to determine the most appropriate test interval.

As a general rule, items which are frequently moved or where the risk of damage to the item is high due to the environment in which they are used must be inspected & tested frequently.

Items, which are unlikely to move and not subject to fatigue likely to place stress on the structure & electrical parts, can be tested less frequently.

Under no circumstances must it be assumed that an item of equipment when purchased new will be exempt, because the manufacturer tested prior to supply. All incoming equipment is subject to electrical testing from new, this ensures that any faults are detected immediately and rectified before they can present a hazard.

Type of Equipment Test Interval
Computer monitor : 3 to 4 years
Computer / Workstation : 3 to 4 years
Printer – desktop : 3 to 4 years
Printer large, colour laser : 3 to 4 years
Auxiliary items – speakers, external drives, scanners etc : 1 to 3 years *
Laptop computer : 3 to 4 years *
Test equipment – small, bench-top : 1 to 3 years
Large test equipment including modular systems : 1 to 3 years
Test Equipment – Rack mounted systems with distribution : 1 to 3 years
Room Heater : 1 year *
Kettle : 1 year *
Fan : 1 year *
Air conditioner – portable : 1 year
Soldering Iron : 3 Months – 1 year *
Small (desktop) photocopier : 1 year
Large photocopier ; 3 to 4 years
Refrigerator / Freezer (for food storage) : 3 to 4 years
Power tools (drill, jigsaw) : 3 Months – 1 year *
Extension lead – office : 1 year
Extension lead – portable : 3 Months – 1 year *

Additionally items marked * must be inspected by the user prior to use.

Additionally items marked * must be inspected by the user prior to use.

The following table gives examples of fuse ratings usually encountered for various items of equipment:

Type of Equipment Fuse Rating
Conventional computer monitor up to 17” : 3A or 5A
Conventional computer monitor >17” : 5A or 13A
LCD computer monitor (all sizes) : 3A
Computer – Main unit, not supplying VDU : 3A
Computer / Workstation – supplying conventional VDU : 5 or 13A
Computer / Workstation – supplying LCD VDU : 5A
Printer - desktop: 3A
Printer large, colour laser : 5A
Auxiliary items – speakers, external drives, scanners etc : 3A
Laptop computer : 3A
Test equipment – small, bench-top : 3A
Large test equipment including modular systems : 5A or 13A
Test Equipment – Rack mounted systems with distribution Up to : 13A
Room Heater : 13A
Kettle :13A
Fan : 3A / 5A
Air conditioner - portable : 5A
Soldering Iron : 3A
Small (desktop) photocopier: 5A
Large photocopier : 13A
Refrigerator / Freezer (for food storage) : 13A

These maximum lengths are not applicable to the flex of an appliance, (IEE Code of Practice for In-Service Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment).

If extension lead lengths do exceed the above, they shall be protected by a 30 mA RCD manufactured to BS 7071.

What does a PAT test consist of ?
We start with a visual inspection checking for:
- Damaged flexes
- Damaged plugs and equipment (overheating, burn marks, discolouration)
- Correctly wired plugs
- Correctly rated fuse

Then a series of tests (depending on the class of equipment), they may include:
- Earth continuity testing
- Insulation resistance
- Polarity test
- Earth leakage test

Landlord Legal Requirements
Anyone who lets residential accommodation (such as houses, flats and bedsits, holiday homes, caravans and boats) as a business activity is required by law to ensure the equipment they supply as part of the tenancy is safe.

The Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994 requires that all mains electrical equipment (cookers, washing machines, kettles, etc), new or second-hand, supplied with the accommodation must be safe. Landlords therefore need to regularly maintain the electrical equipment they supply to ensure it is safe.

The supply of goods occurs at the time of the tenancy contract. It is, therefore, essential that property is checked prior to the tenancy to ensure that all goods supplied are in a safe condition. A record should be made of the goods supplied as part of the tenancy agreement and of checks made on those goods. The record should indicate who carried out the checks and when they did it.

It is strongly advisable to have the equipment checked before the start of each let. It would be good practice to have the equipment checked at regular intervals thereafter. You should obtain and retain test reports detailing the equipment, the tests carried out and the results.

 

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Re: ***Useful Information For The Working Sparky***

Safe work practices - Managing electrical safety in the workplace
Employers must carry out a risk assessment to identify potential workplace electrical hazards and to access the likelihood of injuries from the exposure to these hazards. This will enable appropriate control measures to be implemented.

General precautions - Always ensure that:
An accessible and clearly identified switch near each fixed machine to cut off power in emergency is provided.
For portable equipment, socket-outlets are close by so that equipment can be easily disconnected in an emergency.
Electrical equipment used in flammable/explosive atmospheres should be designed to stop it from causing ignition.
Double adaptors and 'piggy back plugs' are not used.
The wattage of all bulbs in light fixtures and lamps are checked to make sure they are the correct wattage. Replace bulbs that have a higher wattage than recommended to prevent overheating that could lead to a fire.
Lightbulbs and other equipment which could easily be damaged in use are protected. There is a risk of electric shock if they are broken.
Suspect or faulty equipment is taken out of use, labelled 'DO NOT USE' and kept secure until examined by a competent person.
Where possible, tools and power socket-outlets should be switched off before plugging in or unplugging.
Equipment is switched off and/or unplugged before cleaning or making adjustments.
There is provision for all equipment to be stored carefully, securely and safely.
Workers using electrical equipment are trained and supervised.
Electrical installations are safe eg, by providing enough power outlets.
Worn or frayed cords are replaced.
Leads, wiring and cables are in good condition and in the correct position.
PVC insulation tape should not be used to repair damaged cords. Have the cords replaced.
Machinery is unplugged before cleaning.
Enough socket outlets are providing – overloading socket outlets by using adaptors can cause fires.
All connections to power points are made using the correct plugs.
Isolating transformers and residual current devices (RCD) are used.
The electricity supply is isolated from earth and has a voltage between conductors not exceeding 230 volts.
No part of a crane, digger, excavator, drill rig or other mechanical plant, structure or scaffold is brought closer than 4 metres to an overhead line without the written consent of the powerline owner.
Equipment suitable for the working environment is used, eg, cordless tools for wet and damp conditions.
Electric risks can sometimes be eliminated by using air, hydraulic or hand-powered tools.
The main board is locked and the switches are safe and identified.

Suggested testing intervals for portable RCD's
Testing of non-portable RCDs on switchboards or inbuilt into socket outlets must be carried out on a regular basis. This includes both push button testing by the user and inspection testing for operation by an electrician. Unless operated from time to time, an RCD may "mechanically freeze" and not trip when required.
Push-button testing by the user only confirms satisfactory mechanical performance of the tripping mechanism of the RCD. It does not replace inspection testing for operation by a licensed electrical worker.
As non-portable RCDs are far less susceptible to damage than portable RCDs, they are not subjected to the same testing and inspection procedures.In the case of non-portable RCDs, push button testing is recommended at three monthly intervals.

After tripping out, an RCD must be re-activated only when the cause of the trip has been established and remedial action taken.
( Hire equipment : Push-button test (by user) Before each hire . Test for operation By an Electrician )

With some loads it is normal to use a slightly higher rated fuse than the normal operating current. For example on 500 W halogen floodlights it is normal to use a 5 A fuse even though a 3 A would carry the normal operating current. This is because halogen lights draw a significant surge of current at switch on as their cold resistance is far lower than their resistance at operating temperature.

Preliminary Inspection : Pat – Testing ( Disconnection ) Determine whether the equipment can be disconnected from the supply and disconnect if, and only if, permission is received. If permission is not received to disconnect the supply do not proceed with any tests and record that the equipment has not been inspected and label accordingly ←←←

Pat – Testing : Should then be performed and the Code :
Recommends that Three Tests are made; Earth Continuity, Insulation Resistance and Functionality. ←←←

 

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They Use this EEC . Wording !!
( Earth Continuity Conductor ) ►► ECC !!

► You May Still Have them In-Service . !!! Christmas Tree Lights : ( a Good Learning Curve ) CoP .

Xams is just around the Conner “” lets get Rid of the Tooth Fairy / Santa

The Low Voltage Equipment ( Safety ) Regulations 1989 Implement European Community Directive No 73/23/EC relating to Design & Safety of Electrical Equipment ( This Means that Christmas Tree Lights must Either )

i) Have Basic Insulation and an Earth Conductor :
ii) Have Double or Reinforced Insulation : or :-
iii) Have a Transformer & Operate at Less than ( 50V ) .

Previously Lights could be Made to BS-4647:1970 & Only have Single Insulation This is No Longer Legal and Not been Since July 1989 Even if they are Marked with a ( Kitemark BS-4647 ) such Lights may Not Present Sufficient Insulation to Comply with the European Standard . it has Come to

( All Christmas Lights Must Comply with 1.2.3. Above )

Useful Junk : !!! The Code of Practice for the In-Service Inspection & Testing of Electrical Equipment ( 3rd Ed ) has the Following Interesting on p/61 . An Example of Class O Equipment is Certain Older Styles Main Powered Series Connected Christmas Tree Lights where the Lights are Interconnected by a Bell Type Flex Cable ( Insulated but Not Sheathed )

Remove the Equipment from Service !!!

 

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Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Type of Testing :

In Accordance with the IEE Code of Practice there are Three Types of Inspection/Tests to be Conducted : p/33
• User Checks : ( 1 )
Fault are to be Reported & Logged & Faulty Equipment should be Removed from Service . ( No Record is Required if No Fault is Found )
( The User is the Person most familiar with the Equipment & may be in the best Position to know if it is a Safe Condition and Working Properly )
• Formal Visual Inspections : ( 2 )
Only a Person Competent to do so Should Carry Out a Formal Visual Inspection ( Competent Person )
• Combined Inspections & Testing : ( 3 )
The Results of which are Recorded ( Competent Person is someone with Relevant Training C&G 2377 & Experience )

Pat Testing is an Important Part of any Health & Safety Policy :
Although there is no Direct Law at Present Stating that Electrical Appliance Testing must be Carried Out .

The Legislation Relevant to Electrical Maintenance is : CoP .

►Heath & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 :
►Management of Heath & Safety at Work etc. Act 1999 :
►Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 :
►Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 :
►Workplace ( Health . Safety and Welfare ) Regulations 1992 :

 

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Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Legal Requirements The Law !! CoP :
The legislation of specific relevance to electrical maintenance is the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974, the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999, the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 and the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998.
The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 puts the duty of care upon both the * employer and the * employee to ensure the safety of all persons using the work premises. This includes the * self-employed. ( -&-s )

The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 state:

"Every employer shall make suitable and sufficient assessment of:

(a) The risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst at work, and

(b) The risks to ensure the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him or his undertaking." ( Regulation 3(1))

The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 state:

"Every employer shall ensure that work equipment is so constructed or adapted as to be suitable for which it is provided." ( Regulation 4(1))

The PUWER 1998 covers most risks that can result from using work equipment. With respect to risks from electricity, compliance with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 is likely to achieve compliance with the PUWER 1998. 5 – 9. & 22 .

PUWER 1998 only applies to work equipment used by workers at work. This includes all work equipment (fixed, transportable or portable) connected to a source of electrical energy. PUWER does not apply to fixed installations in a building. The electrical safety of these installations is dealt with only by the Electricity at Work Regulations.

The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 state:

"All systems shall at all times be of such construction as to prevent, so far as reasonably practicable, such danger."

"As may be necessary to prevent danger, all systems shall be maintained so as to prevent, so far as reasonably practicable, such danger."

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Scope of the legislation

It is clear that the combination of the HSW Act 1974, the PUWER 1998 and the EAW Regulations 1989 apply to all electrical equipment used in, or associated with, places of work. The scope extends from distribution systems down to the smallest piece of electrical equipment.
It is clear that there is a requirement to inspect and test all types of electrical equipment in all work situations.

Who should carry out the Inspection and Testing?

The Electricity at Work regulations states that:

"No person shall be engaged in any work activity where technical knowledge or experience is necessary to prevent danger, or where appropriate, injury, unless he possesses such knowledge or experience, or is under such degree of supervision as may be appropriate having regard to the nature of the work"

The IEE Code of Practice states, those carrying out the inspection and testing must be competent to undertake the inspection and, where appropriate, testing of electrical equipment and appliances having due regard of their own safety and that of others. What should be considered is that the 'danger' to be prevented, includes not just the dangers, which may arise during the testing procedure to the tester and others, but also the dangers, which may arise at a later date as a result of using equipment, which has not been effectively tested.

The HSE advises -

Experience of operating the maintenance system over a period, together with information on faults found, should be used to review the frequency of inspection. It should also be used to review whether and how often equipment and associated leads and plugs should receive a combined inspection and test.

The above advice offers only a starting point and should be modified by local judgements where necessary - i.e. Risk Assessment is required.

The following table shows the recommended times between tests, as laid out in the IEE Guidance Notes of PAT testing.

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Portable Appliance’s : ( Well you know the Old Saying , Anything with a Plug )

The Term “ Portable Appliance “ can be Used for Many Pieces of Equipment that are Fitted with a Mains Plug 13A .

If we Stick to the Book ::
Portable Appliance .An Appliance of Less than ( 18kg in Mass ) that is intended to be Moved while in Operation or an Appliance that can easily be Moved from One Place to Another . e.g. Kettle . Toaster . Food mixer . Vacuum Cleaner .

Just making you Aware of the Wording :: ▼
But some Appliance’s are Fitted with 16A . 32A or Other Industrial Connectors . These Connectors are Colour Coded Yellow . Blue . & Red . Depending on the Voltage of the Supply .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Once an Electrical Appliance is Connected to your System . you are “ Legally Responsible “ to Ensure it is Safe .

Pat Testing Regulations & Legal Requirements :
Definition of a Portable Appliance .

“ Any Electrical Appliance which can be Plugged into the Mains Supply “

Legal Duty :- The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 ( EAW ) State that Maintenance Inspections must be Carried out at Set Frequencies’ to Control Risk’s . Which can Arise from use of Electricity . The Duty Holder ( Employer in this Case ) Must Select Precautions Appropriate to the Risk i.e. . Regulation 4(2) Requires that “ as May be Necessary to Prevent Danger . all Systems shall be Maintained so as to Prevent as far as Practicable such Danger .

Maintenance “ Strategy “ Recommended by the Guide is Based on a Straightforward . Inexpensive System of Visual Inspections that can be Undertaken by Appointed Employee . in Additional . a Person with Appropriate Skill & Technical Knowledge should Test Equipment Periodically .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

● Every time an item of Electrical Equipment is Used . it is Effectively “ Checked “ ( in Relation to Pat Testing . this is Known as “ User Check “ )

The 2377 Level 3 Certificate Illustrates that a Person Sound Working Knowledge of The Content & Application of the Relevant Parts of the Code of Practice that Relate to Equipment . Construction . Inspection . Combined Inspection/Testing & Recording of Test Results.

You must be Competent and . in an Employer Situation . the Employer must take Responsibility for that Competence by Providing Adequate Information & Training

The Person Inspecting & Testing Appliances must have an Understanding of the Modes of Electrical . Mechanical or Thermal Damage to Electrical Equipment & Appliances and their Flexes which may be Encountered in any Environment and to Know Typical Fault Indicators to look for .

He must also have an Understanding of the Principles of Fuse Protection & Correct Fuse Ratings for Various Wattages of Appliances

His Knowledge must also include the Identification of Equipment and Appliance Classes to Determine the Relevant Test Procedures Required and they should be Able to Recommend the Frequency of Inspection & Testing Required .

The Person Appointed for Testing Appliances must also be Familiar with the Test Equipment Used and in Particular their Limitations & Restrictions so as to Achieve Repeatable Results without Damaging the Appliance through Testing .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

What is a Portable Appliance ??

Generally . Equipment which is Connected to an Electrical Supply by Means of a Lead ( Cable ) & a Removable Mains Plug and which is Normally Moved around would be Classed as a Portable Appliance .

This would Include items such as :- Kettles – Class 1 26A : Vacuum Cleaners : Heaters : Fans : Desk Lamps : …… Etc .

However ,
Although the Term Used for Testing is “ Portable Appliance Testing “ it is Not Only your Truly “ Portable Appliances which Require Inspection & Testing it would also Include Electrical Equipment that could be Moved ,

This would Include Items such as : Photocopiers : Washing Machines : Desktop Computers : …….. Etc .

The Reason why Pat is Carried Out is to Reduce the Risk of Electrical Shock & Fire Caused by Faulty Appliances so Different Types or Modes of Usage of an Appliance will Influence the Level of Risk .

The IEE Code of Practice gives Guidance on the Various Equipment Types . the Guide also Recommends how Often you should Re-Inspect Equipment according to the Type of Environment it is being Used in or Regards to the Rigors of Usage .

Ex : an Electrical Power Tool which is Thrown around on a Building Site & could also be Exposed to Dirty . Wet Conditions would Require more Frequent Inspection & Testing than say a Computer Monitor . which sits Undisturbed on an Office Desk .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Thank You / breakerman
Poor Jason/s When I first came On the Forum I bet I Sounded like A Deranged Scotsman . Ye

Definitions of Equipment / Appliances’ :

Part 5 of the Code of Practice [ 3rd Ed p/27 ] now Break down Electrical Equipment into [►Nine Types . -&-s ]
Portable Appliances [ CoP 5.1 p/27 ]
An Appliance of Less than ( 18kg ) in Mass that is Intended to be Moved whilst in Operation or an Appliance which can Easily be Moved from One Place to Another . e.g. Toaster . Food Mixer . Kettle : { A Kettle is a Portable Appliance } PS. The Wording .

Movable ( or Transportable ) Equipment [ CoP 5.2 p/27 ]
This Equipment is Either :-
-&-s : 18kg or Less in Mass and Not Fixed ( e.g. an Electric Air Compressor ) or
Equipment with Wheels . Castors . or other Means to Facilitate Movement by the Operator as Required to Perform its Intended Use .( Air Conditioning Unit . Tumble Dryer )

Hand Held Equipment or Appliances [ CoP 5.3 p/28 ]
This is Portable Equipment Intended to be Hand Held during Normal Use . Hair/Dryer . Hand/Power Tool’s . Soldering Iron . Hedge Trimmer .
Example . 3 / ** Iron – ** Electric Drill – Electric Chainsaw . -&-s

Stationary Equipment or Appliances [ CoP 5.4 p/29 ] This Equipment has a Mass Exceeding 18kg and is Not Provided with a Carrying Handle [ The Wording ]
Refrigerator / Fridge . Washing Machine . Dishwasher . [ A Washing Machine is a Stationary Appliance -&-s ] “ Not Fixed “ The Wording !!

Fixed Equipment or Appliances [ CoP 5.5 p/29 ]
An Item of Fixed Equipment or a Fixed Appliance that is Fastened to a Support or Otherwise Secured in a Specified Location .
Bathroom Heater : Hand Dryer : Central Heating Boiler : Hand Dryer : Fixed Air Conditioning Unit :Electric Towel Rail . Immersion Heater : Luminaire :
-&-s . Hand Dryers / Air Conditioning Units .

Appliances or Equipment for Building in [ CoP 5.6 p/29 ]
This is Defined as an Appliance or Equipment intended to be Installed in a Prepared Recess such as a Cupboard or Similar . Generally Speaking . this Type of Equipment does not have an Enclosure on all SIDES . Ex . Built in Electric Cooker

Information Technology Equipment [ CoP 5.7 p/29 ]
Information Technology Equipment includes Electrical Business Equipment such as Computers and Mains Powered Telecommunications Equipment . and Other Electronic Equipment . such as Personal Computers . Scanners . Printers . Photocopiers . Fax Machines & Monitors to name but a Few .
Mail Processing Machines : Electric Plotters .Trimmers . VDUs . Data Terminal Equipment . Typewriters .Telephones . Printers . / Power Packs .

• Extension Leads & RCD Extension Leads [ CoP 5.8 p/30 ]
An Extension Lead would be Needed where an Item of Electrical Equipment needs to be Used in an Area where a Convenient Socket Outlet is Not Available . An RCD Extension Lead is Simply an Extension Lead that also Includes an RCD . Max : 13A – RCD . When Testing Must be Unwound . Why ?? Heat / Fire . Watch for this One . -&-s

• Multiway Adaptors & RCD Adaptors [ CoP 5.9 p/30 ]
Multiway Adaptors & Cube Adaptors are Used when Used when Socket Outlets Available .

• RCD Adaptors are Used to Provide Protection for Person(s) using Portable Equipment Particularly for Person(s) using Portable Equipment Outdoors .

All of the Above will Require Consideration when Establishing a Pat Inventory .

( When Testing Extension Leads . Furthest Socket . ) But Check them all Out ) Good Practice )

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Classes of Appliances :
There are ( 5 ) Classes Of Equipment .

( 1 ) Class 0 [ Banned 1975 ]
( 2 ) Class 01 [ 2-Core Cable No Earth ]
( 3 ) Class 1
( 4 ) Class 11 [ Square within a Square to Indicate this Double Insulation Design ]
( 5 ) Class 111 [ Less than 50V ] Equipment to be Required to be Supplied from a Safety Isolating Transformer / BS-EN 60742 or BS-EN 61558-2-6 .
Basic Definitions can be found in Part 2 . p/53

Class 01 Equipment is Specialist Equipment and Not Common Use !!! Trip Up One -&-s

● Class 11 : Equipment is Often Referred to as “ Double Insulated “ ( Although this is Not Strictly True ) and its Design . Manufacture & Materials Used made it Virtually Impossible for the Unintended Components of the Appliance to become Live .
● Class 11 : Equipment Basically means that you will be Unable to come into Contact with Live Conductors as the Equipment Prevents this through its high Level of Insulation .

Many People Confuse the Definition of Class 11 as “ Two Levels of Insulation “ This is Not Necessarily True .
● Class 11 Piece of Equipment that has Only One Layer of Substantial Reinforced Insulation . p/18

The Code of Practice Split into Three Main Parts .
There are some Important Pieces of Information in Part 1 that you are Likely to find Questions on in your 2377 exam
You would do well to Familiarize yourself with Sections [ 3.1 to 4 of the CoP ] and are Likely to Encounter Several Questions on this Section

● What Type of Equipment does [ PUWER ] Apply to [ CoP 3.1.3 p/21 – 22 ] -&-s
● What Duties do Employees have whilst at work [ CoP 3.3 p/23 ] -&-s
● Why is it Extremely Important that the Fixed Installation is not Faulty [ CoP 4.0 p/25 ] -&-s . 3rd Edition These not a 4.0 under 4.1 p/25

Re-read Section 5 of the CoP which Details & Illustrates the Nine Types of Electrical Equipment . p/27

The 3rd Edition CoP . Provides a Useful “ Introduction “ Section which Summarizes the Reason for Maintaining Electrical Equipment . it gives a Concise Summary of who the Responsibilities Lie with & What needs to be Done to Comply with the Relevant Regulations .

Take a Minute to Read the Introduction on Pages 1.4 CoP. p/8

The Electrical Tests .
The Electrical Tests are now Dealt with in Section 6 [ p/31 – 32 ] 1 )

3rd Edition . There are Four Recognised Test Situations . which come Under the General Heading of 6.1 Testing Throughout the Life of Equipment
1 ) 6.2 Manufacturer’s Type Testing . p/31
2 ) 6.3 Manufacturer’s Production Testing . p/31
3 ) 6.5 Testing After Repair . p/32
4 ) 7.1 In-Service Inspection & Testing . p/33

Manufacturer’s Type Testing .
This is Carried Out by the Manufacturer’s or Test House to Assess Compliance with British or European Standards .
This Type of Test or Tests Usually Results in the Destruction of the Appliance .

Manufacturer’s Production Testing .
This Test Similar to the Manufacturer’s Type Test above in the Fact that it Checks Compliance with Particular Standards . however the Test or Tests will be No-Destructive . this Test can be Carried Out on “ New “ Equipment Following Refurbishment or Repair .

In-Service Inspection & Testing .
The One that Concerns Us !! This is the Testing of Appliances in Everyday Use . Lovingly Known as Pat Testing : Split into Three Categories of Testing .
Frequency of Testing Section .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

New Equipment :

There is No Specific Stated Requirement to Carry Out Tests of Formal Visual Inspections on New Equipment . it is Prudent to Consider that much Damage can be Caused during Storage and Transit of “ New “ Equipment and it is Recommended that Inspection & Testing be Carried Out before it put to First Use .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

This Stuff is for CoP : ( Code of Practice ) Pat Testing . PS this Stuff is up to Date 2009/10
Remember that -&-s can ask you out of Q/As Bank 250◄ . in an Exam

Breakeman . Learning Curve ! PS I will get Back to you . CoP :- Insulation Test . [ p/81 3rd Edition ] its . the Wording !!!!!!!!! 17th Edition :- Insulation Résistance .

The One’s am Down Loading are Ones that will Catch you Out . -&-s . CoP . Put some are the same Principle’s . W.G.B.T.Y. Doing A Quick Job . back about 2/3 .Please do not Down load any more stuff . I will get back to you .Amber [ Jason/Phil will do Hand Stands ]

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Functional Checks : CoP .

This Final Test is Simply a Check to Ensure that the Item is Functioning Correctly [ Last ] -&-s

When Using a Pat Tester . there is Usually a Facility for Conducting a Load Test which Measures the Power Consumption of the Item when it is Switched on . This is a Useful Test to Identify if an Item is Working to it’s Expected or Full Capacity . This is Particularly Useful for Heating Appliances . for Example . a 1kW Reading on a 2kW Heater may Suggest an Element with an Open Circuit .

Note : ( Tick ) indicates Pass/Satisfactory . ( X ) indicates Fail/Unsatisfactory ( N/A ) indicates not applicable & ( N/C ) not checked : CoP .

Records should Include :
• A Register of all Equipment .
• A Record of Formal Visual Inspections & Tests.
• A Repair Register .
• A Register of Faulty Equipment .

Records should be Maintained throughout the working Life of the Relevant Appliance . along with a Record of its Acquisition and Final Disposal . -&-s

♦ Employees : should not be Allowed to bring Electrical Equipment/Appliance from home into the Workplace .
If they Do . such Equipment/Appliance must be Included in the Inspection/Test Regime before being put to Use at Work & Appropriate Records Maintained .

♦ Once an Electrical Equipment/Appliance is Connected to your System . you are “ Legally Responsible“ to Ensure it is Safe .

Equipment Labels :- if the Appliance has Passed or Failed
On Successful Completion of Tests a Label should be Attached to the Appliance Indicating : p/118

Pass / Green . Safety Check .
- Date of Check .
- Initials .
- Appliance No . [ Appliance Unique Reference Number ]
- Next Test before .

Fail/Red . Safety Check . [ Danger Do Not Use ] ( X )
- Date of Check .
- Initials .
- Appliance No .

Without Adequate Records .” Duty Holders “ Cannot be Certain that the Inspection & Testing has Actually been Carried Out and would not have Documentary Evidence to Prove it . if an Accident should Occur . then Records of Test Results would be Used as “ Evidence in an Investigation and could Prove that you had Done all “ as far as is Reasonably Practical “ to Prevent Danger .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

Protective Conductor/Touch Current Method :- CoP .

This is an Additional or Complementary Test to the Insulation Test for Instances where the Insulation Test Cannot be Performed or Gives Suspect Results . The Exact Method of Carrying out this Test is a Little Vague in the CoP. & this Alternative Test May Only be Available on the More Expensive & Advanced Pat Testers .

So Rather than Spend Time on this Subject that may Never be Required Under Normal Circumstances .
It would be more Productive to Read Through Section 15.6 – P/76 & Note where Table 15.3
Should a Question Arise on this Section in the 2377 Exam .


-&-s Q/As [ The Protective Conductor Current or Touch Current be Measured within ( 5s ) after the Application of the Test Voltage . the Supply Voltage ↔ " Hint " . & should Not Exceed the Values in Table 15.3 ]

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

A Test for Polarity is Only Required to be Carried Out On Detachable Power Supply Flex and ? [ Extension Leads ]
a) Class 11 hand-Held Appliances .
b) Class 1 hand-Held Appliances .
c) Extension Leads . ↔ Correct Answer .
d) Non-Detachable Flexible Cords

Visual Inspection : p/78
Class 1 / Earth Continuity . Polarity & Insulation .
Class 11 / Polarity & Insulation . [ No Earth ]

3rd Ed . The Reason that the Cord Set is Inspected & Tested Separately from the Appliance is that the Cord Set could be Used During the Course of the Next Period to Supply a Different Appliance .

Example :- if the Cord Set was 2-Core and , During the Year , Was Inadvertently Used to Supply a Class 1 Appliance , the Appliance would be Unearthed and Present a Risk of Electric Shock .

 

[amberleaf]

Re: Section - 301- Questions - Testing ,

i) Class of Equipment ?? ( 1 ) ( 11 )
ii) Mass of Equipment ( kg ) ??? ▼
Portable Appliance’s / p-27 Not More than 18kg ) ▼
Movable Equipment ( Sometimes called Transportable ) 18kg Or Less & Not Fixed ) ▼
Stationary Equipment or Appliance’s ) Stationary Appliance is Equipment that has a Mass Exceeding 18kg

Ps . I Don’t Known Y . This Q/As Pat Testing Came Up . ?? [ Hospitals’ ? Telecommunication’s ? ]

in Order to Reduce the Possibility of Electric Shock through Contact with Live Parts . The Aperture of any Item of Electric Equipment must ?
a) Be Locked at all Times .
b) Only be Opened by the Designated Keyholder
c) Comply with the Requirements’ of BS-EN 20501
d) Meet Test Finger & Test Pin Requirement’s ↔ Correct Answer .

Protection from Hazards :

Protection against Electric Shock & Energy Hazards !!
i) Protection in Operator Access Areas :- [ Adequate Protection by Enclosure . There is No Access to Hazardous Parts ] ( P )
ii) Test by Inspection:- [ Protection is Established by Insulation Materials ] ( P )
iii) Test with Test Finger :- [ No Access to above Mentioned Parts ] ( P )
iv) Test with Test Pin ] No Access to Above Mentioned Parts ] ( P )

Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection in Primary Circuit’s ( ADS ) RCDs .
Basic Requirements :- [ Earth Fault Protection is to be Provided by Building Installation ] ( P )

Equipment with Earth Leakage Current Exceeding 3.5mA :- [ Cross-Sectional Area ( mm2 ) of Internal Protective Earthing Conductor ]
Warning Label :-


Dad’s Keep in Mind !!! [ Just a Wake Up Call ] Christmas is Just around the Conner ◄◄

“ As with all Electrical Products . Precautions should be Observed during Handling & Use to Prevent Electrical Shock . The Child should be Very Carful while Handling the Power Supply (Adapter(s) ) in Particular Plugging the Power Supply into the Socket-Outlet “ . Etc . DS ….
[ Would a Child Recognises . Damaged/Broken Parts ]