I'm not familiar with the UK regs at all but environmental factors would include vibration, abrasion,, motion, heat, cold, sunshine (UV light), moisture, acids & alkalies (soils etc), grease etc.
For example you can't use standard PVC cabling and wiring on an outside wall that's in full sunlight. You also can't use an IP44 enclosure if it's likely to be sprayed with water (bathroom zones)