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It can be tricky to know what applies but the using the relay example, if you put the bits together for yourself for use in your own premises then no CE mark is needed. I'd apply that if you did a job for a customer who, for practical purposes, might have bought the parts on your advice and you fit them. If you put the relay in a box and sold it on Amazon as a lighting contactor then it would need certification.
From the UK government guidance..
Using electrical equipment on your own premises
Electrical equipment that is intended for use by you in your own premises is controlled by the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1994. Such equipment must satisfy the safety requirements of the regulations, but need not have CE marking.
However, should you subsequently decide to supply the equipment - eg by selling it or hiring it out - it will be subject to the relevant provisions of the regulations, including the CE marking requirements.
Just realise that this caveat does not apply to the Machinery Directive, and that includes any electrical panels controlling the machinery.
Also, forgot, if the company changes hands then there is the chance that that would be looked on as selling the equipment.
Whilst electrical equipment doesn't have to bear the CE mark, it still has to comply as if it did.
The mark is simply the last step in the process, which starts as soon as a design begins.
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