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He's probably using 230 v because that is what we are taught to use from college and bs7671.Only the lower heater should be connected in a two immersion heater cylinder if no off-peak/E7 supply is available.
The upper heater is only there to be a boost element in an off-peak/E7 setup. It will do little to no work if it is switched on at the same time as the lower heater, the heat from the lower heater will quite quickly operate the thermostat of the upper heater and switch it off. Also with modern immersion heaters the lower element can operate the overheat trip of the upper element and switch it off permanently (until reset)
Why are you quoting the 230V power ratings? The public electricity supply in the U.K. is 240V, the mythical 230V only exists on paper and not in the real world. These immersion are will be operating at 3kW and using the lower power ratings will lead to you designing and installing a circuit with a small overload which is a dangerous situation.
What is a rubbish/null IR reading? All of the IR testers I have used have only ever had a numerical scale so I haven't a clue what those readings equate to.
We are required to record the nominal voltage on our test certificates as 230 volts and not the measured value.
Also voltage drop calculations are based on 230 volts it's 3% of lighting etc based on 230 volts yes it takes the worst case scenario.
Maximum zs values calculations require it to be 230 x 0.95.
Where I do agree that most of the time the voltage is around 240-245 volts it's not the voltage we are told to use maybe common sense tells us different.
Maybe it's not 'the real world' but it is whAt it is.