High Ze causing headache !

[TJ Anderson]

If you meet ADS by OCPD then you meet thermal constraints. If you meet ADS by relying on an RCD then you may well not meet thermal constraints for L-N by the OCPD which is still covering that.

 

[Julie.]

If you meet ADS by OCPD then you meet thermal constraints. If you meetr ADS by relying on an RCD then you may well not meet thermal constraints for L-N by the OCPD which is still covering that.

Correct, which is why I said earlier on that all aspects of the regs still need to be adhered to.

I grant you that some people may not check various aspects of the regs, usually because "it's always been OK in the past" but I think that happens all the time, I come across so much work where the person installing hasn't thought about it one bit - basically it's never designed, just installed.

 

[TJ Anderson]

Correct, which is why I said earlier on that all aspects of the regs still need to be adhered to.

I grant you that some people may not check various aspects of the regs, usually because "it's always been OK in the past" but I think that happens all the time, I come across so much work where the person installing hasn't thought about it one bit - basically it's never designed, just installed.

Incorrect. You only stated that after I had mentioned it. It often gets missed.

Applying RCD to a circuit to cover ADS goes hand in hand with checking Line-Line or Line-Neutral thermal constraints.

 

[Pretty Mouth]

If you meet ADS by OCPD then you meet thermal constraints.

Not always. With MCBs, the let through energy tends to increase with increasing fault current. So the most onerous part of the circuit for thermal constraint is close to the origin, where ADS is assured

 

[TJ Anderson]

Not always. With MCBs, the let through energy tends to increase with increasing fault current. So the most onerous part of the circuit for thermal constraint is close to the origin, where ADS is assured

Generally it does work out with MCB's if you are operating with pfc's withing the breaking capacity of the device. At least it always has in the real world scenarios I have applied it. There is also the other variable of manufacturers data where you can go with faster times than the 0.1s in the regs which I believe has additional considerations attached that I can't remember what they are?

 

[Pretty Mouth]

Generally it does work out with MCB's if you are operating with pfc's withing the breaking capacity of the device. At least it always has in the real world scenarios I have applied it. There is also the other variable of manufacturers data where you can go with faster times than the 0.1s in the regs which I believe has additional considerations attached that I can't remember what they are?

I don't think there any additional considerations for using manufacturer's data, it just replaces the I2t in the equation AFAIK.

Using, for example, data for a 32A Hager B curve, and using a 1mm2 CPC, it is possible to fall foul for fault currents of ~3kA or greater, and for higher fault currents for lower rated MCBs. So potentially a problem for old ring finals wired with 1mm CPCs, or other such circuits.

Interesting to note that the adiabatic equation only seems concerned with protective conductors, as far as the regs are concerned, as far as I can tell anyway

 

[Julie.]

I don't think there any additional considerations for using manufacturer's data, it just replaces the I2t in the equation AFAIK.

Using, for example, data for a 32A Hager B curve, and using a 1mm2 CPC, it is possible to fall foul for fault currents of ~3kA or greater, and for higher fault currents for lower rated MCBs. So potentially a problem for old ring finals wired with 1mm CPCs, or other such circuits.

Interesting to note that the adiabatic equation only seems concerned with protective conductors, as far as the regs are concerned, as far as I can tell anyway

I think the adiabatic appears only to be related to protective conductors in the regs as it's included in that section and the CPC is usually the smallest (or at least the same size).

It is interesting that it is assumed to be limited to disconnection times of less than 5s but essentially the same equation is used by most cable design books for up to 30 secs.

(And they have different k values as the temperature change is included within the calculation rather than within the k value - so you get exactly the same result)

 

[sythai]

Yes, time delayed rcd on distribution circuits, standard rcd on final circuits - rcds as fault protection.

No need to convert to TT

leave it as TN-C-S and you can still use 0.4s / 5s but add rcd as fault protection where required.

So if the cable from the meter location to cu fails to operate in 5s due to fault, add a time delayed rcd.

If any final circuit fails to operate in 0.4s due to fault add a standard rcd.

If a circuit will operate within these times, then a rcd is not required for fault protection, but may be required for additional protection.

Thanks Julie

 

[TJ Anderson]

I don't think there any additional considerations for using manufacturer's data, it just replaces the I2t in the equation AFAIK.

Using, for example, data for a 32A Hager B curve, and using a 1mm2 CPC, it is possible to fall foul for fault currents of ~3kA or greater, and for higher fault currents for lower rated MCBs. So potentially a problem for old ring finals wired with 1mm CPCs, or other such circuits.

Interesting to note that the adiabatic equation only seems concerned with protective conductors, as far as the regs are concerned, as far as I can tell anyway

It was on the IET forum about why we should not use adiabatic for fault currents operating devices <0.1S or >5S. I couldn't remember but just found it again on there.

Going over 5S was more straightforward. Because the adiabatic is simplified it does not allow for heat loss, this results in artificially high csa's

Going under 0.1s was more complex. 0.1S is 5 cycles of the supply waveform and going below that could give rise to greater currents than calculated due to the waveform being asymmetric and becoming distorted.

 

[Pretty Mouth]

Interesting to note that the adiabatic equation only seems concerned with protective conductors, as far as the regs are concerned, as far as I can tell anyway

I think the adiabatic appears only to be related to protective conductors in the regs as it's included in that section and the CPC is usually the smallest (or at least the same size).

My bad, it isn't only concerned with protective conductors:

434.5.2
A fault occurring at any point in a circuit shall be interrupted within a time such that the fault current does not cause the permitted limiting temperature of any conductor or cable to be exceeded.