_q12x_

DIY
Thanks to mister @marconi , I received his chip AT28C16 gift from England !
I will start to make the 5x7 led matrix project that you did.
I will make it alone as much as I can (as usual). And I will ask you for clarifications on the way.
 
And I made the first letter ! I am so happy !
Thats it - project over ! :) haha
I am so happy and amazed that I did it.

Screenshot_6.jpg
 
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Please keep these projects either in hardware or as videos because you may be able to use them to demonstrate your knowledge of and design prowess with digital circuits in a job interview.

So next you will cycle the display through a set of letters/numbers coded in the EEPROM memory. What about doing your forum name?

If you are up for it we could work on developing this 7 x 5 project into a 24 hour clock with an analogue face and hands or some combination of hands and numbers. The one second tick would be produced by those crystal oscillators we dabbled with a few months ago.

1664028859838.png
 
Please keep these projects either in hardware or as videos because you may be able to use them to demonstrate your knowledge of and design prowess with digital circuits in a job interview.
Thats why I keep doing these videos exactly, for my future 'advantage' and 'leverage'.
Yes I think I will transfer everything on a board of itself. Not here on breadboards. It will be a physical evidence it happened.
Now I am making the circuit in proteus, not for simulation but the real circuit that worked in reality.
Also, about the clock... I like a digital clock to make not a mechanical -even looking- one. Do you have aspecial reason for a mechanical looking clock? of is just aesthetics? If is just aesthetics, I prefer digital looking clock. But if you have other reason, please tell me.
 
Thus a digital clock. You could use the 7 x 5, 7 segments or some discrete LEDs or even a combination of them. You might want to sketch out some ideas for a digital looking clock built using the display or indicator components you have in stock.

Then, before diving in to construction using proteus or in hardware I recommend you sketch out the building blocks for the clock. The three obvious ones are the blocks for power supply, one second tick and the display. But what else is needed? I am encouraging you to do some system engineering. The system - in this case a clock - is made up of interconnected block each having specific functions. The blocks are labelled with short names or descriptions of what they do.
 
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I have a favour to ask of you. I make soup for lunch most days of the week. Would you send me a couple of classic Romanian soup recipes please? Or send me a link to the recipes. We have two Romanian nurses who attend my wife and I would like to give them a taste of some home cooking and I would like to add to my reportoire. The Polish nurse has just given me some of her beetroot with dumpling soup to try which is what has prompted me to ask you.
 
I told you is a story here.
First of all that -Borș- we use, we can buy from peasants in the food market OR directly from supermarket these days. Is a very common aliment. Now, how to use it, at least how I use it. I dont pour the entire 1L bottle into the mix, although Ive seen "idiots" doing it so, but is a waste of product this way, in my opinion. No, You pour 1/4 from 1Liter. Approximately, by taste, less or more and by eye. The taste comes after everything is done, so you must remember the splitting. In the composition, --I-- put everything is GREEN - whatever it is, but the most common are: parsley, dill, spinach(if I have access to it but rarely), cabbage-usually is the main green plant is always present in my composition, 1/2 or 1/4 depends how big it is. Salad leaf's when is the season for it. 1-2-3 radish(occasionally) , green peas. Sometimes a single small squash. Also mushrooms. Im making all into a tall inox(stainless steel) bowl of 10L with glass lid.
Now the consistent stuff: potatoes sometimes, pasta in general, whatever it is and be careful when you put it since it must boil 8min and not more, so add them at the end of the boiling time, leave for 8min and close the flame. A hand or 2 of rice if I feel I want it. I boil it separately and then add it to the finished composition.
Preparation: You can use --everything-- into 1 composition OR choose what to add and what to not add. Your choice really. Cut everything very small and put into the bowl. Add water like 7L/10L. Dont fill it up to 10L since it will spill out when boiling and also you'll have to add later some other stuff. Leave it to boil... 30min-1h at High flame, to boil faster. Its water after all with some green stuff in it. When is boiling and bubbling, leave it to bubble like 5-10min. This way the green aroma and nutrients are well mixed, thats the idea. We are very close to finish it. Now I pour the bors, 1/4 from 1L like I said. The entire composition will rise up a bit and also will stop boiling since the cold liquid in to mix. Wait to boil again, and leave it like 2min or so to boil again. This way, you get a rich very pleasant and aromatic sour taste. But dont taste it yet, remember, is boiling ! Haha. You need your tongue in the future. And lastly, this is my way to make it, as I said, I add a fist of salt OR I leave it without salt. I ---usually--- add salt into my food (in general) while Im eating, stirring and combining it on the spot.
After I close the flame, I leave it there to get cold by its own, on the same flame eye, not moving it at all. This way is boiling and getting cold slowly. I leave it for 3h like that until is safe to touch it with your hand. After is at room temperature I store it into the fridge, yes, that big bowl into a single shelf. Is not THAT big. Also you must check first if your bowl will fit into the fridge first ! very important.
What --Borș-- contains a lot in it but no one will tell you, not even that "informative" page you read, is a lot of vitamin C that is a strong regenerative for the immune system, and a natural antidepressant and many, many healty qualities. Be aware that vitamin C or any other vitamin or mineral ingested, is processed "so much", the body takes what it needs and the rest is throw away through any hole your body has available. Dont eat the whole 10L at once, but on servings, 2 or 3 per day is fine. Ideally 1 per day, but is a light food category.
You probably notice I did not add any meat to it. Usually, my mom and my grandmom and the good cooks I encounter in my life, they use 1 full chicken in it, or whatever animal you like. But they need special preparation and also the fat that comes out from the meat, must be taken into account. My bors is clean, no fat no problems.
Aroma: I do NOT add pepper, hot pepper, or any crap like that. Will just ruin the natural taste. But Ive seen people adding them and they are fine with it. I have my problems so I know what to keep away from my diet. Dry bay (dafin) Im adding sometimes. Basil (busuioc) if im lucky and find some in the market. Also we add some very unusual stuff to it for special aroma. This is used in the country side and almost forgotten by our 'brightest' but my grandmother teach me to add a small cherry branch into the composition. I did it 1 or 2 times in my life. Not that often. But is an option you can try.
Eating this bors with onion is another piece of tradition here. So take it and try it. The mix is perfect.
Also flower petals. Blossom cherry petals, rose petals, apricot petals. Very nice flavor. A few fingers of it, not much.
Add later: Like I said I put my desired amount of salt by taste when I have it in my plate. I am also adding sour cream to it and stirr it. Aaaah, its divine good. Trust me. Placerea placerilor. You can eat it with turta (some home made bread but very flat and special flavor) , normal bread from commerce, polenta- is usualy my "bread" since I got fat after my 30's. Normal bread is getting me more fat. But polenta does not. Its my observation so believe it or not. It became the main food to eat with.
Dont eat it cold, but warm to very warm.
And is probably more to it... but you have the best of the best here. At least what I do and how I do it.
- Pofta Buna !
 
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I told you is a story here.
First of all that -Borș- we use, we can buy from peasants in the food market OR directly from supermarket these days. Is a very common aliment. Now, how to use it, at least how I use it. I dont pour the entire 1L bottle into the mix, although Ive seen "idiots" doing it so, but is a waste of product this way, in my opinion. No, You pour 1/4 from 1Liter. Approximately, by taste, less or more and by eye. The taste comes after everything is done, so you must remember the splitting. In the composition, --I-- put everything is GREEN - whatever it is, but the most common are: parsley, dill, spinach(if I have access to it but rarely), cabbage-usually is the main green plant is always present in my composition, 1/2 or 1/4 depends how big it is. Salad leaf's when is the season for it. 1-2-3 radish(occasionally) , green peas. Sometimes a single small squash. Also mushrooms. Im making all into a tall inox(stainless steel) bowl of 10L with glass lid.
Now the consistent stuff: potatoes sometimes, pasta in general, whatever it is and be careful when you put it since it must boil 8min and not more, so add them at the end of the boiling time, leave for 8min and close the flame. A hand or 2 of rice if I feel I want it. I boil it separately and then add it to the finished composition.
Preparation: You can use --everything-- into 1 composition OR choose what to add and what to not add. Your choice really. Cut everything very small and put into the bowl. Add water like 7L/10L. Dont fill it up to 10L since it will spill out when boiling and also you'll have to add later some other stuff. Leave it to boil... 30min-1h at High flame, to boil faster. Its water after all with some green stuff in it. When is boiling and bubbling, leave it to bubble like 5-10min. This way the green aroma and nutrients are well mixed, thats the idea. We are very close to finish it. Now I pour the bors, 1/4 from 1L like I said. The entire composition will rise up a bit and also will stop boiling since the cold liquid in to mix. Wait to boil again, and leave it like 2min or so to boil again. This way, you get a rich very pleasant and aromatic sour taste. But dont taste it yet, remember, is boiling ! Haha. You need your tongue in the future. And lastly, this is my way to make it, as I said, I add a fist of salt OR I leave it without salt. I ---usually--- add salt into my food (in general) while Im eating, stirring and combining it on the spot.
After I close the flame, I leave it there to get cold by its own, on the same flame eye, not moving it at all. This way is boiling and getting cold slowly. I leave it for 3h like that until is safe to touch it with your hand. After is at room temperature I store it into the fridge, yes, that big bowl into a single shelf. Is not THAT big. Also you must check first if your bowl will fit into the fridge first ! very important.
What --Borș-- contains a lot in it but no one will tell you, not even that "informative" page you read, is a lot of vitamin C that is a strong regenerative for the immune system, and a natural antidepressant and many, many healty qualities. Be aware that vitamin C or any other vitamin or mineral ingested, is processed "so much", the body takes what it needs and the rest is throw away through any hole your body has available. Dont eat the whole 10L at once, but on servings, 2 or 3 per day is fine. Ideally 1 per day, but is a light food category.
You probably notice I did not add any meat to it. Usually, my mom and my grandmom and the good cooks I encounter in my life, they use 1 full chicken in it, or whatever animal you like. But they need special preparation and also the fat that comes out from the meat, must be taken into account. My bors is clean, no fat no problems.
Aroma: I do NOT add pepper, hot pepper, or any crap like that. Will just ruin the natural taste. But Ive seen people adding them and they are fine with it. I have my problems so I know what to keep away from my diet. Dry bay (dafin) Im adding sometimes. Basil (busuioc) if im lucky and find some in the market. Also we add some very unusual stuff to it for special aroma. This is used in the country side and almost forgotten by our 'brightest' but my grandmother teach me to add a small cherry branch into the composition. I did it 1 or 2 times in my life. Not that often. But is an option you can try.
Eating this bors with onion is another piece of tradition here. So take it and try it. The mix is perfect.
Also flower petals. Blossom cherry petals, rose petals, apricot petals. Very nice flavor. A few fingers of it, not much.
Add later: Like I said I put my desired amount of salt by taste when I have it in my plate. I am also adding sour cream to it and stirr it. Aaaah, its divine good. Trust me. Placerea placerilor. You can eat it with turta (some home made bread but very flat and special flavor) , normal bread from commerce, polenta- is usualy my "bread" since I got fat after my 30's. Normal bread is getting me more fat. But polenta does not. Its my observation so believe it or not. It became the main food to eat with.
Dont eat it cold, but warm to very warm.
And is probably more to it... but you have the best of the best here. At least what I do and how I do it.
- Pofta Buna !
Just what I wanted - thank you. Your extra instructions will help me make it authentically. I will give it a go next week - something to look forward to in the making and the eating which is why I love cooking.
 
ofcourse, many parts of my instructions are to be used in general as well, not only dedicated to this particular recipe. To any food type. Feel free to play with it. Dont take it adliteram but 'with a gram of salt', as is the saying.
 
What is your 'clock' project about?
To simply make a clock? Thats it? I want to see if I understood you right.
So a clock that is showing hours, minutes, and seconds. Right? And for that to do it, it must "tick" or clock at very precise timing. From second to second for the second arrow if is mechanical or number if is electronic. Correct so far? Or your intention is something else than a real clock? Please be a tiny bit more specific that I to be sure what is the request exactly.
 
ok, but before the clock you told me about the gray code to use it with this EEPROM and led matrix. Remember? You give me a paper that was explaining in some sort of detail what the project was about. Very badly written by the way. Haha. But the idea was to use that gray code with a rotary switch and count the speed of a wheel or motor. The idea was good and I like it.
Why did you randomly switched to a clock now?
 
Now I figure out why you stopped at letter 'P' in your circuit.
You didnt tell me this part. It was because you used your 7493 full count to 16.
I just cycled through my addresses and I counted 16 until back to A, which was the first. ANd Iwas curious what is on number 16 and it was 'P'.
Interesting.
 
please draw me a circuit diagram for how the bottom left 7493 is connected.

do you have 10kR pull down resistors on each address line Of the eeprom?

Have you programmed the eeprom with letters B, C, D……..P - as you did for A?
 
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teoretically yes, going through each led and its respective resistor.
View attachment 101919
No you do not because the LEDs are not conducting as there is no forward bias across them when the Q output is logic 0 ie at 0V.

Do you remember I mentioned the use of a buffer gate to drive an LED from an output? Drive the leds of the bottom left 7493 by the circuit I sent you earlier - #54 last paragraph and second attachment. Also connect each address line to 0V with a 10kR.

Have you linked the top rows of the 5V and 0 v rails at the mid point of the breadboard To the bottom rows of 5V and 0V rails?
 
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yes everything is connected in line - no problem there
I dont have any buffer's - I just check my list of IC's and nothing.
I will have to put transistors instead, right?
I took out the leds and try it again, and guess what? is still the same, no change. So its not the leds not being driven by a buffer. I also have another 7493 that is counting to 7 and that is having the same 4 leds on its Q's and absolutly no problem ever from that one. So nothing should be from this one's as well, logically, right?
 
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I remember last night when it worked, I had this arrangement from original experiment.
It was not doing anything important so I remove it today.
I start to believe it was affecting the circuit.
1664125462977.png

All the switches are turn off, and all the addr pins are pull down by those blue resistors on top near the blue DIP switch.
Ive already put resistors to gnd on each addr pin but no effect, it didnt repaired the problem.
 
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Just check your power supply voltage at the Vcc and 0V pins of the 7493 bottom left.

Also check voltage drop between power supply output terminals and the 7493 Vcc and 0V pins ie: PSU 5V to 93 Vcc and PSU 0V and 0V.
 
If you have removed the eeprom just check its pins have not been bent underneath it when reinserted.

check CEbar and OEbar pins are connected to correct 0V rail.

check WEbar is not floating but connected to push button pulse circuit and should normally be logic 1.

check eeprom has been reinserted correctly to align pins with breadboard connections.

check scan clock is at 1000hz or lower.
 
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Thanks for the medal
1664188615860.png
mister @marconi; it was hard for me because I actually had to think what to do and how to do it and also resolve all the errors that appear on the way. Some seem unsolvable without my good friends help. I took it very slow because I had to get used to these logic gates, get experience with them, also the counter IC's and the memory itself. it was very hard project to deal but I learned and most important I got experience and I understood some interesting practice I can use in my future projects - (specifically that counter). I know a lot of stuff but putting my hands into this project and actually do it, practice will beat any time what I read in the past and my general knowledge. Im happy I made it work. Now I can say more confidently I am more good with logic gates than when I started, for sure.
 
So mission accomplished -
I am discompleting all the breadboards and put back all the IC's today.
So no way to get back now. I will wait 2h before doing it, until your answer here.
After that I will do it.
 

A simple way is to convert a 4 bit binary code into a 4 bit Gray code using combinational logic. See video above.

The three logic gates are EXOR. A Two input EXOR gate can be made from NAND gates.

The XOR gate is built from four NAND gates like this:

XOR gate from four NAND gates with XOR operation truth table

The XOR symbol is

XOR gate schematic symbol
 
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Also mister @marconi , did you made that gray code circuit already? Do you have a movie to present it? Also Im curious on your approach/ design. How did you use it or at least assemble it?
I used 4 jk flip flops each connected as a type T (toggle). I made some combinational logic but could have used a look up table to cause each flip flop to change state or not depending on the current state - ‘ if then otherwise‘ type logic. This makes what is called a 'finite state machine'.
 
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_q12x_

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If you're a qualified, trainee, or retired electrician - Which country is it that your work will be / is / was aimed at?
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AT28C16 EEPROM learning experiments
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