***Useful Information for Apprentices***

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“ General Health and Safety at Work “

Question 1.1
What do the letters CDM stand for ?
A: Control of Demolition and Management Regulations
B: Control of Dangerous Materials Regulations
C: Construction (Demolition Management) Regulations
D: Construction (Design and Management Regulations ) Answer: D )
Question 1.2
Identify one method of enforcing regulations that are
available to the Health and Safety Executive:
A: Health Notice
B: Improvement Notice
C: Obstruction Notice
D: Increasing insurance premiums
Answer: B Improvement notices require action to achieve standards which meet health and safety law :
Question 1.3
What happens if a Prohibition Notice is issued by an
Inspector of the local authority or the HSE ?
A: The work in hand can be completed, but no new work started
B: The work can continue if adequate safety precautions are put in place
C: The work that is subject to the notice must cease
D: The work can continue, provided a risk assessment is carried out,
Answer: C The work covered by a prohibition notice must cease until the identified danger is removed.
Question 1.4
Health and Safety Executive Inspector can ?
A: Only visit if they have made an appointment
B: Visit at any time
C: Only visit if accompanied by the principal contractor
D: Only visit to interview the site manager
Answer: B Inspectors have a range of powers, including the right to visit premises at any time.
Question 1.5
A Prohibition Notice means:
A: When you finish the work you must not start again
B: The work must stop immediately
C: Work is to stop for that day only
D: Work may continue until the end of the day
Answer: B The work activity covered by the prohibition notice must cease, until the identified danger is removed ,
Question 1.6
In what circumstances can an HSE Improvement Notice be issued ?
A: If there is a breach of legal requirements
B: By warrant through the police
C: Only between Monday and Friday on site
Answer: A Improvement notices require action to achieve standards which meet health and safety law .
Question 1.7
What is an “Improvement Notice”?
A: A notice issued by the site principal contractor to tidy up the site
B: A notice from the client to the principal contractor to speed up the work
C: A notice issued by a Building Control Officer to deepen foundations
D: A notice issued by an HSE/local authority Inspector to enforce compliance with health
Answer: D Improvement notices require action to achieve standards which meet health and safety law .
Question 1.8
If a Health and Safety Executive Inspector issues a“ Prohibition Notice”, this means that:
A: the Site Manager can choose whether or not to ignore the notice
B: specific work activities, highlighted on the notice, must stop
C: the HSE must supervise the work covered by the notice
D: the HSE must supervise all work from then on
Answer: B Prohibition notices are intended to Stop activities which can cause serious injury.
Question 1.9
Which one of the following items of information will you find on the Approved Health and Safety Law poster?
A: Details of emergency escape routes
B: The location of the local HSE office
C: The location of all fire extinguishers
D: The identity of the first aiders
Answer: B The poster also lists the persons with health and safety responsibilities, but not first aiders.
Question 1.10
Who is responsible for signing a Company Safety Policy ?
A: Site Manager
B: Company Safety Officer
C: Company Secretary
D: Managing Director
Answer: D The Health and Safety at Work Act requires the most senior member of management to sign the health and safety policy
statement.

Question 1.11
Which one of the following must be in a company’s written Health and Safety Policy:
A: Aims and objectives of the company
B: Organisation and arrangements in force for carrying out the health and safety policy
C: Name of the Health and Safety Adviser
D: Company Director’s home address
Answer: B This requirement appears in the Health and Safety at Work Act.
Question 1.12
Employers have to produce a written Health and Safety Policy statement when:
A: A contract commences
B: They employ five people or more
C: The safety representative requests it
D: The HSE notifies them
Answer: B This is a specific requirement of the Health and Safety at Work Act.
Question 1.13
Companies employing five or more people must have a written Health and Safety Policy because:
A: The principal contractor gives them work on site
B: The HSAWA 1974 requires it
C: The Social Security Act requires it
D: The trade unions require it
Answer: B
Question 1.14
What do the letters HSC stand for ?
A: Health and Safety Contract
B: Health and Safety Consultant
C: Health and Safety Conditions
D: Health and Safety Commission Answer: D
Question 1.15
Which ONE of the following statements is correct ? The Health and Safety Executive is:
A: a prosecuting authority
B: an enforcing authority
C: a statutory provisions authority
Answer: B The Health and Safety Executive enforces health and safety legislation.
Question 1.16
The Health and Safety at Work Act requires employers to provide what for their employees?
A: Adequate rest periods
B: Payment for work done
C: A safe place of work
D: Suitable transport to work
Answer: C This is a specific requirement of Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act.
Question 1.17
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and any regulations made under the Act are:
A: Not compulsory, but should be complied with if convenient
B: Advisory to companies and individuals
C: Practical advice for the employer to follow
D: Legally binding Answer: D
Question 1.18
Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which of the following have a duty to work safely?
A: Employees only
B: The general public
C: Employers only
D: All people at work
Answer: D Employers, employees and the self-employed all have a duty to work safely under the Act.
Question 1.19
What is the MAXIMUM penalty that a Higher Court, can currently impose for a breach of the Health and Safety at Work Act?
A: £20,000 fine and two years imprisonment
B: £15,000 fine and three years imprisonment
C: £1,000 fine and six months imprisonment
D: Unlimited fine and two years imprisonment
Answer: D A Lower Court can impose a fine of up to £20,000 and/or up to six months imprisonment for certain offences. The potential fine in a Higher Court, however, is unlimited and the term of imprisonment can be up to 2 years.
Question 1.20
What do the letters ACoP stand for ?
A: Accepted Code of Provisions
B: Approved Condition of Practice
C: Approved Code of Practice
D: Accepted Code of Practice
Answer: C An ACOP is a code of practice approved by the Health and Safety Commission.

Question 1.21
Where should you look for Official advice on health and safety matters?
A: A set of health and safety guidelines provided by suppliers
B: The health and safety rules as laid down by the employer
C: Guidance issued by the Health and Safety Executive
D: A professionally approved guide book on regulations
Answer: C The HSE is the UK enforcing body and its guidance can be regarded as ‘official’
Question 1.22
Regulations that govern health and safety on construction sites:
A: apply only to inexperienced workers
B: do not apply during ’out of hours’ working
C: apply only to large companies
D: are mandatory ( that is, compulsory )
Answer: D The requirements of health and safety law are mandatory, and failure to follow them can lead to prosecutions.
Question 1.23
Which of the following statements is correct ?
A: The duty for health and safety falls only on the employer
B: All employees must take reasonable care, not only to protect themselves but also their colleagues
C: Employees have no responsibility for Health and Safety on site
D: Only the client is responsible for safety on site
Answer: B The responsibility for management of Health and Safety Act at Work rests with the employer
Question 1.25
Which of the following is correct for risk assessment?
A: It is a good idea but not essential
B: Only required to be done for hazardous work
C: Must always be done
D: Only required on major jobs
Answer: C There is a legal requirement for all work to be suitably risk assessed.
Question 1.26
In the context of a risk assessment, what do you understand by the term risk?
A: An unsafe act or condition
B: Something with the potential to cause injury
C: Any work activity that can be described as dangerous
D: The likelihood that harm from a particular hazard will occur
Answer: D Hazard and risk are not the same. Risk reflects the chance of being harmed by a hazard
Question 1.27
Who would you expect to carry out a risk assessment on your working site?
A: The site planning supervisor
B: A visiting HSE Inspector
C: The construction project designer
D: A competent person
Answer: D A risk assessment must be conducted by a 'competent person’.
Question 1.28
What is a HAZARD ?
A: Where an accident is likely to happen
B: An accident waiting to happen
C: Something with the potential to cause harm
D: The likelihood of something going wrong
Answer: C Examples of hazards include: a drum of acid, breeze blocks on an elevated plank; cables running across a floor.
Question 1.29
What must be done before any work begins ?
A: Emergency plan
B: Assessment of risk
C: Soil assessment
D: Geological survey
Answer: B This is a legal requirement of the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations.
Question 1.30
Complete the following sentence: A risk assessment
A: is a piece of paper required by law
B: prevents accidents
C: is a means of analysing what might go wrong
D: isn’t particularly useful
Answer: C Risk assessment involves a careful review of what can cause harm and the practical measures to be taken to reduce the risk of harm.

 

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Mains input switches should be suitably placed on the machines, and the "On" and "Off" positions properly identified and accessible.
- All phases should be disconnected by the operation of the switch.
- An effective over-current protection device (e.g. a fuse) should be provided in each phase of the circuit and arranged so as to disconnect the electricity supply to the equipment in the event of overload or short circuit.

REPAIRS :
- During repairs, protective covers may have to be removed thereby exposing live parts.
- In these circumstances the hazard to be avoided is that of making a circuit from the high voltage conductor to another conductor or to earth via the human body, with risk of fatal injury.

- Electrical systems may involve a mains transformer, which reduces the voltages in the secondary to values less than 50 volts AC. In such a system the main risk will therefore be on the connections to the input to the primary.

** RCDs will not protect a person touching both live and neutral conductors. **

** The IEE Regulations state that all installations outside the equipotential zone, i.e. external/outdoor from the main installation should be protected by RCDs. The Regulations make it clear, however, that reliance on this form of protection is not acceptable as the sole or main means of protecting persons from electric shock. RCDs may only be used as a useful backup to primary safeguards such as insulation, enclosure, low voltage etc. **

* ( BS = British Standard )

Testing Process : 1 Visual Inspection : Class 1 Appliances : Yes : Class 2 Appliances : Yes 2 Earth : Class 1 Appliances : Yes : Class 2 Appliances : N/A 3 Insulation Test : Class 1 Appliances : Yes : Class 2 Appliances : Yes 4 Leakage Test : Class 1 Appliances : Yes : Class 2 Appliances : Yes 5 Load Test : Class 1 Appliances : Yes : Class 2 Appliances : Yes

* Single cables. Used throughout the industry, single cable comprise a central solid or stranded conductor which is given a single layer of insulation. The Insulation may be PVC, XLPE, LSF or some other specialist insulator depending on the application. Conductors are normally copper, although aluminium conductors used to be used.
Single cables require mechanical protection. They are commonly enclosed in conduit or trunking.

* Steel Wire Armoured cable (SWA). Used for installation in underground, external or exposed situations, SWA cabling is probably the most common cable for mains distribution although it is extensively used in smaller sizes as well. It generally comprises central copper or aluminium conductors which are insulated usually with XLPE. The conductors are protected against damage by steel wires and the whole cable is sheathed in a protective plastic outer sheath. Available in all sizes and current ratings that are likely to be encountered within a normal building. Specialist SWA cables are available such as Paper Insulated Lead Sheathed (PILC) but are rarely used in building services.

* Mineral Insulated Copper Clad Cable (MICC). (sometimes called MICS copper sheathed) This is a specialist cable that has copper inner conductors that are insulated with a mineral compound. The cable has an outer sheath of copper and can be further protected against the atmosphere by a outer plastic sheath. MICC is available in Heavy & Light gauges. Sizes above 35mm² are usually single core cable. MICC is expensive to purchase and specialist skills are needed to install it. However, it is long lived, is smaller that an equivalent SWA cable and importantly is fire proof. Hence it can be used to serve emergency services where the cable is required to remain in use during fire conditions

* Twin & Earth Cable (T&E) - Possibly the cheapest and easiest wiring to install twin & earth cable comprises a central conductor (usually solid) which has PVC insulation. Two insulated conductors are combined with a third uninsulated conductor (used as a CPC) and all three are enclosed in an outer PVC sheath. Variants are available with additional cores (Triple & Earth).
Twin & Earth cable is used in the vast majority of domestic installations, as well as in budget commercial applications, and other installations where funds are limited.
It lacks the protection possessed by other forms of cable unless enclosed in conduit. T&E wiring can become messy in all but the simplest of wiring applications. Also, it can be hard to rewire (as opposed to singles in conduit).
T&E cable is not highly suitable for most industrial applications, neither can it be used where there is a requirement for LSF cable.

* Flexible Cables. Used where a item of equipment is connected to an outlet or other termination. Flexible wiring is needed if it is likely that the equipment may move or vibrate in normal use. Many forms of flexible cable exist with many different forms of insulation. They all tend to have multistranded conductors and are all able to be flexed and bent without undue stress being placed on the conductor. ←←←

* Trunking. A form of containment that having a hollow box shaped section, and available in linear lengths. Trunking is available in both PVC and steel. PVC trunking can range in size from 15x15mm up to 150x150mm or even bigger and is quick and easy to install. Steel trunking affords better protection but is harder to install. Steel trunking comes in sizes from 50x50mm up to 300x300 and above.
Trunking is particularly suitable for use with single cables where many circuits can be contained in a single trunking (subject to compliance with BS7671 segregation regulations). Twin & Earth cables can also be protected by trunking.

* Conduit. Still by far the most common form of containment. Conduit comprises lengths of robust tube, available in set sizes 20mm, 25mm & 32mm. Conduit is available in both PVC and Steel form. PVC conduit is available in light & heavy duty grades and is relatively easy to install, requiring basic tools & adhesive to install. Steel conduit affords better protection than PVC but requires specialist tools and knowledge to install. It is available in Black Enamel (painted) finish or Galvanised finish (for exterior applications). Properly installed steel conduit can be used as a CPC.←←←

Conduit can be surface mounted or buried (flush) in walls. It is used extensively with single cables and Twin & Earth (for protection down walls ect.). Flexible conduit is not a direct variant of standard conduit, it is commonly formed from spiral arrangements of toughened PVC, steel or aluminium. The construction allows the conduit to be flexed and is normally used in short lengths to serve equipment and or items that may need to be moved.

* Cable Tray. Cable tray is a form of steel traywork, available in linear lengths which is used in industrial and commercial situations as a support for cables which are installed in free air (such as SWA and MICC cables) Cable tray is normally available in sizes between 50mm wide and 900mm wide, in a range of gauges light, medium & heavy duty. It is usually supplied galvanised, although special finishes such as power coating are sometimes used.
In recent years, plastic based alternatives have been developed.

* Cable Basket - Cable basket is a variant of cable tray. It comprises a basket like linear wire system which, although not a structurally strong as cable tray, is lighter and easier to install. It is commonly used for support of light cabling such as data & telephone wiring and has seen great increases in use with the advent of structured cabling systems.

* Floor trunking. A form of trunking that is specially adapted for installation within floor voids, or screeds. It commonly has two or more compartments enabling segregation and hence is used for 230V services as well as data and telecommunication systems. It is often fitted with custom floorboxes. Space restrictions can mean limited room in floor trunking and the number of cables able to be installed can present problems

 

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* Powertrack. A specialist form of trunking that contains busbars. This system is far smaller than the busbar distribution systems used in mains distribution. It is commonly rated at no more than 63A and is installed in floor or ceiling voids. Take off sockets are installed at regular intervals to allow the "Plugging in" of floorboxes, sockets and other equipment. Variants are available with clean earth facilities. This type containment is common in office premises as well as industrial situations ( Definitions p/27)

* Floor boxes - Commonly installed in conjunction with floor trunking systems or powertrack systems. Recessed floor boxes can be installed into a cavity floor or screeded floor. They comprise one or more compartments and accessory boxes which can be used to terminate many different services at one box. This enables users to plug in 230V power, data and telephones etc. at the same position, maybe under a desk. Common in open plan office developments.

- Modular systems - This phrase covers a wide range of various types of system, all of which are modular in their use and installation. Includes pre-wired conduits and trunking as well as modern systems which are wired on a "spider" system using pre-cut lengths of prewired flexible conduit or other flexible wiring. These systems have the great advantage of speed and ease of installation. They are popular in office type installations where large numbers of recessed fluorescent luminaires may be installed.

 

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Additional Letters are Optional ( such as ↔ IPXXB ↔ ) and they indicate the Degree of Protection of persons against access to hazardous parts :
* Additional Letters used in the IP code : A ↔ ( Protected against access with the back of the hand : Definition : the access probe. A sphere of 50mm diameter. Is required to have adequate clearance from hazardous parts , B ↔ ( Protected against access with a finger : Definition : the jointed test finger of 12mm diameter and 80mm length is required to have adequate clearance from hazardous parts : C ↔ ( Protected against access with tool : Definition : the access probe of 2.5mm diameter and 100mm length is required to have adequate clearance from hazardous parts : D ↔ ( Protected against access with a Wire : Definition : the access probe of 1mm diameter and 100mm length is required to have adequate clearance from
hazardous parts : BS-EN 60529 . Degrees of protection provided by enclosures ( IP )

 

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CSCS ← ← ←
Construction Signs are used on building and construction sites to show site safety policy requirements including PPE ( personal protection equipment ) rules.
Mandatory ↔ ( MUST OBEY ) ↔ Blue background with White Symbol ← ← ←
** The most popular construction safety signs are :-
"safety helmets, boots and vests to be worn at all times"

CSCS ←←←
A "prohibition sign" ↔ ( STOP/MUST NOT ) ↔ means a safety sign prohibiting behaviour likely to cause a risk to health or safety. These health & safety signs are required to be red. A prohibition sign shall show only what or who is forbidden. Prohibition safety signs generally use a black safety symbol in a red circle with a diagonal cross through.
** No Smoking symbol only - safety sign
** Description: prohibition > no smoking safety sign. no smoking symbol - cigarette & smoke in black with red prohibition circle & line through, white text on red background.
** No Smoking. it is against the law to smoke in these premises ( Red on White background ) ←←← -&-

CSCS A " ↔ WARNING SIGN ↔ " means a safety sign giving a warning of a risk to health or safety. Safety warning signs are required to be yellow or amber.
** construction site keep out - safety sign
** danger men at work
( Risk of Danger Hazard ahead ↔ Yellow background with ↔ Black Border ) ← ← ← -&-

 

[Stringbags]

Hi Amberleaf,

I have been teaching since 1992 and it would be difficult to find information better than that which you have provided, I am sure that the sparky community are very grateful, as so am I, but have you thought about writing all this down and producing a book, I for one would buy it.

Thanks from me and all of my apprentices.

Stringbags

 

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CSCS First Aid signs indicate the measures, means or personnel to give first aid in the event of an accident or injury.
** first aid cross symbol : Background Colour: Green .←←← -&- Text Colour: White
↔ ( SAFE WAY TO GO ) Safe Condition ↔ Green background with White Symbol ,

-&- are looking for ?
* Prohibition ! Red/White .
* Mandatory ! Must Obey . Blue background with White Symbol .
* Warning ! Risk of Danger Hazard ahead Yellow background with Black Border .
* Safe Way to Go : Safe-Condition . Green background with White Symbol .

Remember !! There are Four Type of Safety Sign in General Use -&- :This will get you buy a lot of things if you start with this principle

" prohibition sign " ↔ Round !!
“ Mandatory “ ↔ Round !!
“ WARNING SIGN “ ↔ Triangle !!
“ Safe Condition “ ↔ Square !!

Safety Signs & Their Meanings : CSCS :
Colour Red :
Meaning or purpose : Prohibition Sign ↔ Danger Alarm : Instructions and information ↔ ( Dangerous behaviour )
Meaning or purpose : Danger Alarm : Instructions and information ↔ ( Stop )
Meaning or purpose : Fire Fighting : Instructions and information ↔ ( Shutdown ↔ ( Emergency cut out devices ) ↔ ( Evacuate ) ↔ ( Identification and location )

Colour Yellow or Amber : Meaning or purpose : Warning Sign ↔ Be careful : Instructions and information ↔ ( take precautions ) ↔ ( Examine )

Colour Blue : Meaning or purpose : Mandatory Sign : Instructions and information ↔ ( Specific behaviour or action ) ↔ ( Wear personal protective equipment )

Colour Green : Meaning or purpose : Emergency Escape : Instructions and information ↔ ( Doors )
Meaning or purpose : ( First Aid Sign ) ↔ Instructions and information ↔ ( Exits )
Meaning or purpose : ( No danger ) ↔ Instructions and information ( Routes )
Instructions and information ↔ Equipment
Instructions and information ↔ Facilities
Instructions and information ↔ Return to normal

These ↔ Mandatory signs ↔ comply with BS5499 and The Safety Signs and Signals Regulations 1996. Mandatory signs - Instruct, advise and inform staff and visitors of an action that must be carried out to secure a safer working environment. Colour - blue symbol and background, white text. Symbol –

Eye protection safety sign.
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Anyone entering these premises must comply with regulations covered by the above act safety sign.

Fragile Roof Safety Signs manufactured to comply with The Safety Signs and Signals Regulations 1996
Access and Security Hazard Warning Sign. ( Danger fragile roof safety sign.) PS two different Signs ******
This safety sign gives warning to the danger of a fragile roof and ensures that caution is made. For safety, the sign also instructs the action to use crawling boards.
( be careful -&- may put up the ( Q :. danger of a fragile roof ) ↔ A : you may put up use crawling boards.

It may be handy to ask your Tutors for , The Heath & Safety Signs & Signal Posters , this will help your H&S

Barrier Tape !! what do you think ? Yellow & Black . Hint Warning

This British Standard outlines
• The arrow to be used with an escape route sign. →
• The arrow to be used with any other safe condition safety sign such as a first aid safety sign.
• The arrow to be used with a fire equipment safety sign.
• The arrow to be used with any other safe condition safety sign such as a first aid safety sign.
• The arrow to be used with a fire equipment safety sign.

How to assess the risks in your workplace
Follow the five steps :-
Step 1 ( Identify the hazards )
Step 2 ( Decide who might be harmed and how )
Step 3 ( Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions )
Step 4 ( Record your findings and implement them )
Step 5 ( Review your assessment and update if necessary )

 

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Carrying out a Risk Assessment

As well as the level of voltage, charge or current and the nature of the environment, there are a number of other factors that need to be considered when you are assessing the risk of injury arising from electrical testing work. A risk assessment should be carried out
before testing begins, to help you identify the precautions you need to take.

Some questions to ask when carrying out the risk assessment are :-
(a) Can the work be done with the equipment dead or energised at a safe voltage or current ?
(b) Is it absolutely necessary for someone to be working on or near to equipment that is live at dangerous voltages or current levels ?
(c) What is the maximum voltage on conductors that will be exposed during the work activity ?
(d) Are the testers competent? Are they adequately trained and knowledgeable to do the particular work and ensure that others are not put at risk ?
(e) If testers are not considered fully competent, are they adequately supervised ?
(f) What physical safeguards should be applied to the equipment under test to prevent injury, e.g. ? the use of temporary or permanent screens ?
(g) Is the test instrumentation of safe design ? Has it been properly maintained ?
(h) Is it necessary to set up a permanent test area separate from the rest of the workplace, where equipment can be taken for testing ? Is it necessary to set up a temporary test area around the equipment ?

'competent person'
In law, to be 'competent' means you have the necessary skills and experience, both theoretical and practical, to carry out inspections of the items placed before you.

Only you can decide if you are indeed competent to inspect a particular item,

What is an Accident ? PS . this may come up CSCS -&-
* An accident is an Unforeseen . unplanned and uncontrolled event . ←
* An accident is an Unfortunate . event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance . ←

Accidents lead to injury to persons . damage to plane ( machinery/equipment ) or other losses .
Some accidents leads to serious injury , fatality or serious damage to property .

CSCS .
Reporting Accidents – Summary .
* All Accidents need to be reported and entered into the Accident Book ← -&- Q/As

* Serious Accidents and those where Employees are absent as a result of an Accident for more than three days must be reported to the Enforcing Authority ↔ ( Health & Safety Executive ) ***

Good practices:

CSCS : Ladders
Ladders are acceptable only for access or work of short duration.
They should be :-
Safe use of Ladders : * The ladder should be placed at a suitable angle, ideally at about ( 75° ← ) to the horizontal, i.e. about → ( 1m ) out of every → ( 4m ) in height. The user should face the ladder when climbing or descending. ↔ ( remember -&- on this one )
* erected at correct angle ( 4 up to 1 out) ↔ ( remember -&- on this one )
* secured ( preferably at top ) or footed
* positioned close to the work to avoid over-reaching
* sufficiently protected at the base of any ladder or access equipment to prevent pedestrians or vehicles bumping into them.

What is hand-arm vibration syndrome ? PS. This will come up -&-
Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a general term embracing various kinds of damage caused by exposing the hands to vibration. The more widely known of these is vibration white finger (VWF), which results from damage to blood vessels. Other forms of damage may be to the nerves and muscles of the fingers and hands, causing numbness and tingling, loss of feeling and reduced grip strength. People who have hand-arm vibration syndrome may also have an
increased risk of suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Pain and stiffness in the hands and joints of the
wrist, elbows and shoulders are other possible symptoms. HAVS and CTS are reportable diseases under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR ).

Q - What is hand-arm vibration syndrome ? A - the amount of vibration ; ****
Q- What are the symptoms ? A- the length of time for which the hands are exposed to the vibration ; ****

Provide the right equipment.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 require employers to select and provide work equipment
that is suitable, with regard to the health and safety risks (including vibration) posed by the use of that equipment.

Everyone is required to ensure that the equipment used in their business conforms to the essential health and
safety requirements ( EHSRs) - in the case of vibration, the risks should be reduced to a minimum.
Under the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations1992 (as amended 1994) there is a duty on manufacturers and suppliers of power tools to design, manufacture and supply tools for which risks from vibration have been reduced to the lowest level

Typical vibration exposure for powered handheld tools . meanings big jack hammers & other tools -&- may ask this !!!!!!!

Personal protection
“ Anti-Vibration Gloves “ are unlikely to reduce the dominant, low-frequency energy vibration from tools

Hand Arm Vibration :
WHAT SORT OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT CAN CAUSE VIBRATION INJURY ?

Industry : Type of Vibration ↔ Construction ↔ Common Source of Vibration ↔ Pneumatic tools, Jackhammers .
Concrete breakers ↔ Power hammers and chisels ↔ Pedestal grinders ↔ Hammer drills ↔ Hand-held grinders ↔ Hand-held sanders

* Safety Signs and Signals are one of the main means of communicating health and safety information.
* In view of their importance, it is critical that all Safety Signs and Signals can be easily understood.
* There are specific requirements for the shape, colour and pattern of Safety Signs.
* Any sign must contain a symbol or pictogram and be of a specified colour which clearly defines its meaning.
* Supplementary text may also be used to aid understanding, but text-only signs are not permitted.

 

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CSCS : Colour: Yellow or Amber : -&- may use the colour !! Amber ←←←

Banksmans ←← signals : they are used on Site !! CSCS .
Using banksmen to control reversing operations can put the Banksman in the potential danger area of a reversing vehicle. Every year banksmen suffer serious and fatal injuries whilst at work. If you do use banksmen, make sure they are trained to carry out their duties safely. There must be a safe system of work that ensures the Banksman and driver are using standard signals, so that they are easily understood, and that the driver knows to stop the vehicle immediately if the Banksman disappears from view.

Why record and report ?
Recording and reporting accidents and ill health at work is a legal requirement under The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR).
RIDDOR places a legal duty on:

• employers
• self-employed people
• people in control of premises.

These 'responsible persons' must record and report certain incidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences involving employees, self-employed workers and members of the public.

The information provided through recording and reporting enables the enforcing authorities (either Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or local authority Environmental Health), to identify where and how risks arise, and to investigate serious accidents.

With this information, the enforcing authorities are able to help and provide advice on how to reduce injury, and ill health in the workplace. Such surveillance data can also be used to put forward an evidence-based rationale for the introduction of new legislation and/or guidance.

Near Misses
Although not part of the legal duties mentioned above, it is also good practice to record non-reportable 'near-miss' incidents, workplace accidents and occurrences where no-one has actually been hurt or become ill, but where the consequences could have been serious for workers.

In this way, it is possible to learn from such incidents so that workers are protected from harm, using the old adage 'prevention is better than cure'.

It is also good practice to record 'near-miss' incidents.
( RIDDOR ) also requires responsible persons to report certain matters to their enforcing authority

H&S / CSCS . * ( Legionnaires Disease ) -&- is a potentially fatal form of pneumonia which can affect anybody, but which principally affects those who are susceptible because of age, illness, immunosuppression, smoking etc.

It is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila and related bacteria that can be found naturally in environmental water sources such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs, usually in low numbers. As they are commonly found in environmental sources they may also be found in purpose built water systems such as cooling towers, evaporative condensers and whirlpool spas.

If conditions are favorable the bacterium may grow creating conditions in which the risk from legionnaires' disease is increased. It is therefore important to control the risks by introducing measures outlined in the Approved Code of Practice & guidance document

Working at Heights : this is what -&-s like here :

Ladders : Q/A
i) 3-Points of Contact .
ii) Correct Angle .
iii) Secured ?
iv) Safe and Suitable for Purpose .
v) Ladder Projecting above the Roof ?
vi) Always Check Ladder before Use .

Scaffolds :
i) Check Scaffold Tag – Why ? ←←
ii) Scaffold fitting with all Rail and Board Walks ?
iii) Are the Scaffold Planks in Good Structure ?
iv) Scaffold must be Inspected on a Weekly Basis .
v) Scaffold must be Inspected on a Weekly Basis .

Mobile Scaffolds : a Must -&-
i) Even Ground .
ii) Wheels Locked .
iii) Correct Access .
iv) Storage of Materials .
v) Ensure that the Scaffold can Handle the Load .

Pre-Checklist for Leaning Ladder : CSCS
i) Are the Sties in Good Condition ? ↔ if they are Bent or Split the Ladder Could Collapse .
ii) Stiles Checked ? ↔ if they are Bent or Damaged the Ladder could Buckle or Collapse .
iii) Feet Checked ? ↔ if they are Missing, Worn or Damaged the Ladder could Slip . ( *** Remember Rubber Feet on Ladders ) -&-
iv) Rungs Checked ? ↔ if they are Bent, Missing or Loose the Ladder could Become Unstable .

 

[amberleaf]

Hoists :

* Has the Equipment been Installed by a Competent Person ?
* Are the Operators Trained and Competent ?
* is the Rated Capacity Clearly Marked ?
* Does the Hoist have a Current Report of Thorough Examination and a Recorded of Inspection ?
* is there a Suitable Base Enclosure to Prevent People from being Struck by any Moving Parts of the Hoist ?
* Are the Landing Gates Kept Shut Except when the Platform is at the Landing ?

**** This is True . a Builder was killed when he was Crushed between the Cage and the Fixed Structure of a Goods Hoist. The Hoist Moved Unexpectedly because the Safety Interlocks had been !!DEFEATED !! , The Hoist had been Poorly Maintained and did Not have a Current thorough Examination Report **** H&S . the Company was Fined Big Time . Poor Guy . Safety is a MUST on Site .Common Sense must Prevail !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
( You will Here the words “ Topman ↔ CSCS “ he is there to Cover your But . PS in theory when your down Holes / Pits / Hoists . Most Big Company’s Use them . ( Banksman and Topman are two different Persons on SITE ) ←← Ask your Tutor about them ,

Pre-Use Checklist for a Stepladder .
i) Locking Bars Checked ? if they are bent or the Fixings are Worn/Damaged the Ladder could Collapse .
ii) Feet Checked ? if they are Missing, Worn or Damaged the Ladder could Slip .
iii) Stepladder Platform Checked ? if it is Split or Buckled the Ladder could become Unstable or Collapse .
iv) Check the Steps or Treads ? if they are Contaminated-they could be Slippery .
v) Check the Steps ? if the fixing are Loose they could Collapse .
iv) Check the Stiles ? if they are Bent or Damaged-the Ladder could Buckle or Collapse .

The User ←←← ( Pat Test )
Users of the Equipment should be able to Check for Obvious Faults before Switching On and Using it. They must also know what to do if they find a Fault. Training may be required. H&S

What is a confined space? CSCS
It can be any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions (e.g. Lack of Oxygen). Some confined spaces are fairly easy to identify, e.g. enclosures with limited
openings:
* storage tanks;
* silos;
* reaction vessels;
* enclosed drains;
* sewers.
Others may be less obvious, but can be equally dangerous, for example:
* open-topped chambers;
* vats;
* combustion chambers in furnaces etc;
* ductwork;
* unventilated or poorly ventilated rooms.

It is not possible to provide a comprehensive list of confined spaces. Some places may become confined spaces when work is carried out, or during their construction, fabrication or subsequent modification.

What is a confined space? CSCS
It can be any space of an enclosed nature where there is a risk of death or serious injury from hazardous substances or dangerous conditions (e.g. Lack of Oxygen). Some confined spaces are fairly easy to identify, e.g. enclosures with limited
openings:
* storage tanks;
* silos;
* reaction vessels;
* enclosed drains;
* sewers.
Others may be less obvious, but can be equally dangerous, for example:
* open-topped chambers;
* vats;
* combustion chambers in furnaces etc;
* ductwork;
* unventilated or poorly ventilated rooms.

It is not possible to provide a comprehensive list of confined spaces. Some places may become confined spaces when work is carried out, or during their construction, fabrication or subsequent modification.

What are the dangers from confined spaces ?
Dangers can arise in confined spaces because of :-
* A lack of oxygen.
This can occur :-
- where there is a reaction between some soils and the oxygen in the atmosphere;
- following the action of groundwater on chalk and limestone which can produce carbon dioxide and displace normal air;
- in ships’ holds, freight containers, lorries etc as a result of the cargo reacting with oxygen inside the space;
- inside steel tanks and vessels when rust forms. * Poisonous gas, fume or vapour.
These can:
- build-up in sewers and manholes and in pits connected to the system;
- enter tanks or vessels from connecting pipes;
- leak into trenches and pits in contaminated land, such as old refuse tips and old gas works.
* Liquids and solids which can suddenly fill the space, or release gases into it, when disturbed. Free flowing solids such as grain can also partially solidify or’ bridge’ in silos causing blockages which can collapse unexpectedly
* Fire and explosions (e.g. from flammable vapours, excess oxygen etc).
* Residues left in tanks, vessels etc, or remaining on internal surfaces which can give off gas, fume or vapour.
* Dust may be present in high concentrations, e.g. in flour silos.
* Hot conditions leading to a dangerous increase in body temperature Some of the above conditions may already be present in the confined space. However, some may arise through the work being carried out, or because of ineffective isolation of plant nearby, e.g. leakage from a pipe connected to the confined space. The enclosure and working space may increase other dangers arising through the work being carried out, for example:
* machinery being used may require special precautions, such as provision of dust extraction for a portable grinder, or special precautions against electric shock;
* gas, fume or vapour can arise from welding, or by use of volatile and often flammable solvents, adhesives etc;
* if access to the space is through a restricted entrance, such as a manhole, escape or rescue in an emergency will be more difficult ( ( see Emergency procedures ). ↔ that’s what a Topman if For !!!!!!!!

What the law says
You must carry out a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks for all work activities for the purpose of deciding what measures are necessary for safety (The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, regulation 3). For work in confined spaces this means identifying the hazards present, assessing the risks and determining what precautions to take. In most cases the assessment
will include consideration of:
the task :-
* the working environment;
* working materials and tools;
* the suitability of those carrying out the task;
* arrangements for emergency rescue.

↔↔ Risk Assessment at All Times ↔↔ Chaps .

If your assessment identifies risks of serious injury from work in confined spaces, such as the dangers highlighted above, the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 apply. These regulations contain the following key duties:
* avoid entry to confined spaces, eg by doing the work from outside;
* if entry to a confined space is unavoidable, follow a safe system of work; and
* put in place adequate emergency arrangements before the work starts.

Avoid entering confined spaces
You need to check if the work can be done another way so that entry or work in confined spaces is avoided. Better work-planning or a different approach can reduce the need for confined space working. Ask yourself if the intended work is really necessary, or could you :-
“” modify “” the confined space itself so that entry is not necessary;
* have the work done from outside, for example:
* blockages can be cleared in silos by use of remotely operated rotating flail devices, vibrators or air purgers;
* inspection, sampling and cleaning operations can often be done from outside the space using appropriate equipment and tools;
* remote cameras can be used for internal inspection of vessels.

Safe systems of work
If you cannot avoid entry into a confined space make sure you have a safe system for working inside the space.
Use the results of your risk assessment to help identify the necessary precautions to reduce the risk of injury. These will depend on the nature of the confined space, the associated risk and the work involved.

Make sure that the safe system of work, including the precautions identified, is developed and put into practice. Everyone involved will need to be properly trained and instructed to make sure they know what to do and how to do it safely.
The following checklist is not intended to be exhaustive but includes many of the essential elements to help prepare a safe system of work.

Are persons suitable for the work ?
Do they have sufficient experience of the type of work to be carried out, and what training have they received? Where risk assessment highlights exceptional constraints as a result of the physical layout, are individuals of suitable build ?
The competent person may need to consider other factors, e.g. concerning claustrophobia or fitness to wear breathing apparatus, and medical advice on an individual’s suitability may be needed.

Isolation
Mechanical and electrical isolation of equipment is essential if it could otherwise operate, or be operated, inadvertently. If gas, fume or vapour could enter the confined space, physical isolation of pipework etc needs to be made. In all cases a
check should be made to ensure isolation is effective.

Check the size of the entrance
Is it big enough to allow workers wearing all the necessary equipment to climb in and out easily, and provide ready access and egress in an emergency? For example, the size of the opening may mean choosing air-line breathing apparatus
in place of self-contained equipment which is more bulky and therefore likely to restrict ready passage.

 

[amberleaf]

Provision of ventilation
You may be able to increase the number of openings and therefore improve ventilation. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary to ensure an adequate supply of fresh air. This is essential where portable gas cylinders and diesel-fuelled
equipment are used inside the space because of the dangers from build-up of engine exhaust. Warning: carbon monoxide in the exhaust from petrol-fuelled engines is so dangerous that use of such equipment in confined spaces should never be allowed.

Testing the air
This may be necessary to check that it is free from both toxic and flammable vapours and that it is fit to breathe. Testing should be carried out by a competent person using a suitable gas detector which is correctly calibrated. Where the risk
assessment indicates that conditions may change, or as a further precaution, continuous monitoring of the air may be necessary.

Provision of special tools and lighting -&- loves this One ? why
Non-sparking tools and specially protected lighting are essential where flammable or potentially explosive atmospheres are likely. In certain confined spaces (e.g. inside metal tanks) suitable precautions to prevent electric shock include use of extra low voltage equipment (typically less than 25 V) and, where necessary, residual current devices.

Provision of rescue harnesses
Lifelines attached to harnesses should run back to a point outside the confined space.

Communications
An adequate communications system is needed to enable communication between people inside and outside the confined space and to summon help in an emergency.

Check how the alarm is raised
Is it necessary to station someone outside to keep watch and to communicate with anyone inside, raise the alarm quickly in an emergency, and take charge of the rescue procedures?

Is a ‘permit-to-work’ necessary ? CSCS -&-
A permit-to-work ensures a formal check is undertaken to ensure all the elements of a safe system of work are in place before people are allowed to enter or work in the confined space. It is also a means of communication between site
management, supervisors, and those carrying out the hazardous work. Essential features of a permit-to-work are:
* clear identification of who may authorise particular jobs (and any limits to their authority) and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions(eg isolation, air testing, emergency arrangements etc);
* provision for ensuring that contractors engaged to carry out work are included;
* training and instruction in the issue of permits;
* monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended.

Shut down
It may be necessary to shut down adjacent plant before attempting emergency rescue. ↔ ( A Must )
First-aid procedures
Trained first aiders need to be available to make proper use of any necessary first-aid equipment provided.

Local emergency services
How are the local emergency services (eg, fire brigade) made aware of an incident ?
What information about the particular dangers in the confined space is given to them on their arrival ?

Relevant law
* The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997;
* The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999;
* The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended);
* The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 (as amended);
* The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998;
* Electricity at Work Regulations 1989;
* Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992.

Some of the above law is relevant because of the nature of the work to be carried out inside a confined space, e.g. where there are risks from machinery, electricity or from hazardous substances.

All I ask is you tell your Mates about This Site . Please ( Amberleaf )
PS : Thank You Dan and The Chaps for There Air Space ←←←←←←←←

Wearing Ear Protection : ↔ ( Remember Mandatory : Must Obey / Blue/White Symbol .
You should Wear Ear Protection when the sound Level is between the 85db and 90db action Levels . you must Wear it above 90db .
Without Protection there is a Risk of Damage to your Hearing . Remember that, over time, this Damage can result in Permanent Hearing Loss. Ear Protection cannot repair Damage that has already been caused .
Noise Level 20db / Activity , Quiet Whisper .
Noise Level 60db / Activity , Car at 50km/hour
Noise Level 80db / Activity , Home hi-fi .
Noise Level 83db / Activity , Bricklayer .
Noise Level 90db / Activity , Passing tube train .
Noise Level 92db / Activity , Carpenter .
Noise Level 101db / Activity , Portable power tools .
Noise Level 102db / Activity , Bench saws .
Noise Level 110db / Activity , Pneumatic drill, Nightclub .
Noise Level 120db / Activity , Rock Concert .
Noise Level 140db / Activity , Cartridge Tools ( they don’t give you Warning when they fire the bloody thing )

Noise at Work Regulations 1989 :
Noise Levels are Measured with Sound Level Meters. They have up to four Scales. ( A to D ) which give readings in Decibels ( db )
The most Common Scale for Construction Work and for Legal Purposes is the ( A ) Scale .
The Regulations Identify time Limits for Exposure to various Sound Levels and set Out three action Levels :-
First Level 85db ( A ) Scale :-
Employee is Provided, at their Request, with Suitable and Efficient Personal Ear Protectors .

Second Level 90db ( A ) Scale :-
Employee is Provided with Suitable Personal Ear Protectors, which must be Worn .

Peak Level 140db ( A ) Scale :-
Employee must Wear the Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) Provided as Noise at this Level will Cause Permanent Damage to Hearing .

Noise Assessments should be Carried Out by a Competent Person .

Change to the Noise at Work Regulations :
The Current Regulations were Adopted in November 2002 : from December 2005 the Limits of the First and Second action Levels will be Reduced by 5db .

Pump Down the Volume : Noise Safety .
Noise is the Sound made by Pressure Changes in the Air and picked up by your Ear.
Loud Noise can Annoy People. More Importantly, it can Damage you Hearing. But very Soft Noise can be Difficult to hear .

People who are Exposed to High Noise Levels, even for a Sort time, may Experience Temporary Hearing Loss .
If they are Exposed to Noise for a long time they can Suffer Serious, Permanent Hearing Loss. Sufferers don’t often realise that their Hearing is Damaged until other people ask : “ Can’t you Hear me ? Are you Deaf ?

The Damage happens when Pressure Changes in the Air Affect the Inner Ear. This is the part of the Ear that allows you to Hear.
You will find that Loud Noise over a Short Period of time can Cause Temporary Hearing Loss and a “ Buzzing “ in your Ears .

At Work. Noise can Stop you Concentrating. It distracts you and may make you Unsafe. There is Legislation in Place to help Protect your Hearing throughout your Lifetime .

Noise is Measured in Decibels ( db )
As a Guide. A Useful “ Rule of Thumb “ is :-

* if you have to raise your voice to speak to someone 2 meters away. Noise Levels are about ( 85db )
* f you have to Shout to Speak to Someone who is 1 meters away. Noise Levels are about ( 90db )

Identifying “ Ear Protection Zones “ and putting up Signs where Noise is at or Above ( 90db ) can Control the Effects of Noise .

Working with Power: Electrical Safety

It’s therefore Very Important that you Make Sure any Electrical Equipment ( Including Powered Hand Tools ) are Safe to Work with .
To do this you must Follow these Safety Procedures .

* Do Not Plug in Before Checking :
When you first come across a piece of Electrical Equipment or Powered Hand Tool. You Won’t know if it is Safe to Plug in and Work with
The Rule is “ Do Not Plug in Until you have Checked the Tool “ if you Plug the Powered Tool in and there is a Fault with it, you could be Seriously Injured or Killed !!

* Check Body of Power Tool :
Check that the Body of the Tool is Clean and free from Grease or Excessive Dirt, This Dirt could make the Tool more Difficult to Hold and Control. It could also Hide other Defects, Check for Cracks in the Body, Check for Loose Fittings and Missing Bits of the Tool.
Check as well to see if there is an Up-to-Date ( Pat Label on the Tool ) ↔ -&- Pat is the “ Pat is the “ Portable Appliance Test “
This will show it has Passed an Electrical Safety Test on a Particular Date . the Test must be Carried Out by a Competent Person .

* Check Cable on Power Tool :
The Cable could be Considered the “ Weaker “ Part of the Power Tool. It often lies on the Ground in Dirt and Water and can easily be Damaged by Treading or Driving Over it . Check the Cable for Cuts, Abrasions, Burns, Bare Wires and Frayed Ends ,

Working with Power: Electrical Safety .

* Check Plug of Power Tool :-
The Plug needs to be Checked to make sure it is Not Dirty, Wet or Covered in Grease. Check the Pins are in Place and Not Loose or Misshapen. Also Check the Casing of the Socket to make sure the Spring-Loaded Cover Operates Correctly and that it is Not Cracked .

* Check Voltage of Power Tool :
If the Plug and Cable are Colored Yellow the Power Tool will Operate at 110Volts . there may also be Labels on the Power Tool showing
110Volts . To Work on Building Sites, all Power Tools should be at this Reduced Voltage or , better still, Battery Operated .

* Plug in Power Tool :-
Once you have made all the Checks Correctly. You can plug in Power Tool and start Work. If you are Not Sure about the Checks you have just made, do Not-Plug in the Tool and Do Not Start-Work. Go and ask Advice from your Supervisor .

There is No-Set Procedure for Checking Power Tools before Use, but it is Good Practice to Decide your own Routine .

 

[amberleaf]

Occupational Diseases : CSCS ( Read Up on These -&- will ask Q/s )

* Asthma – a Lung Disorder affected by Dust and Fumes .
* Dermatitis – a Skin Disorder
* Tetanus – ( Lock Jaw ) a Virus caught through Open-Cuts from the Ground / Soil .
* Weil’s Disease ( Leptospiroris ) caught from Rats . This Disease can be Confused with the Flu due to similar symptoms . ( Rat’s Pee ) ←←
* HAVS ( Hand – Arm Vibrating Syndrome ) – a Condition arising from the Prolongued Use of Vibrating Tool’s e.g. Jack Hammers .

Asthma : Breathing in certain dusts, gases, fumes and vapours within the workplace can cause asthma. Asthma is a very serious health problem that can ruin lives. Shortness of breath, wheezing and painful coughing are just some of the symptoms that Occupational Asthma sufferers may have to deal with every day.

Engineering workers - common causes of asthma
Metalworking fluids ( MWFs ) can cause occupational asthma if you inhale the mist or vapour generated during machining/shaping operations. MWFs can also cause Dermatitis .←←←

Skin at work :
Work - related skin disease can affect people in a wide range of occupations. Wherever you work, the APC approach (avoid, protect, check) can reduce the chances of suffering painful and sometimes debilitating skin conditions.

Dermatitis
What is dermatitis?
Dermatitis is a skin condition caused by contact with something that irritates the skin or causes an allergic reaction. It usually occurs where the irritant touches the skin, but not always.

What is leptospirosis ? ( Weil’s disease )
Two types of leptospirosis infection can affect workers in the UK.

** Weil’s disease This is a serious and sometimes fatal infection that is transmitted to humans by contact with urine from infected rats.

** The Hardjo form of leptospirosis This is transmitted from cattle to humans.

What are the symptoms ?
Both diseases start with a flu-like illness with a persistent and severe headache, which can lead to vomiting and muscle pains and ultimately to jaundice, meningitis and kidney failure. In rare cases the diseases can be fatal.

Who is at risk ?
Anyone who is exposed to rats, rat or cattle urine or to fetal fluids from cattle is at risk.
Farmers are now the main group at risk for both Weil’s disease and cattle leptospirosis: the cattle form is a special risk for dairy farmers.
Other people who have contracted leptospirosis in recent years include vets, meat inspectors, butchers, abattoir and sewer workers.
Workers in contact with canal and river water are also at risk.

How might I catch it ?
The bacteria can get into your body through cuts and scratches and through the lining of the mouth, throat and eyes after contact with infected urine or contaminated water, such as in sewers, ditches, ponds and slow-flowing rivers. People working in dairy parlours are often in contact with cattle urine. Rat urine may also contaminate animal feed stuffs on farms.

How can I prevent it ?
Get rid of rats. Don’t touch them with unprotected hands.

 

[Stringbags]

Re: noise action levels,

there is no longer an allowable peak level of 140db, the maximum sustainable level perceptable to the ears is 87db even if this means ear plugs under ear defenders.

Stringbags

 

[amberleaf]

Hand-arm vibration at work : ( HAVS ) * Hand-Arm-Vibration-Syndrome ←←
Hand-arm vibration comes from the use of hand-held power tools and is the cause of significant ill health (painful and disabling disorders of the blood vessels, nerves and joints).

Stringbags ,
Noise Level 140db / Activity , Cartridge Tools ( The H&S will tell that’s it’s the Noise that is coming out Cartridge Tools !! Put you will NOT HEAR IT AS MUCH WITH YOU EAR DEFENDERS ON ( PS , that’s why you use them CSCS : Noise Level 80db ←←← -&-
( and you should be min 2 meters away ) Cartridge Tools : with your EAR DEFENDERS ON
You should Wear ( Ear Protection ) H&S when the sound Level is between the ↔ 85db and 90db action Levels ←←←
PS : I Did Not Use the Words ( allowable ↔↔ peak level ) of 140db, it is a Sound Level awareness in ( db ) ←←←←←←←←
Thank you , Amberleaf

The Whisper is Lighter Than the Shadow ,

I do not do Debates !! I will gladly bow down to Wisdom , Amberleaf .

( H&S ↔ CSCS ↔ Occupational Health : ( PS you will get some off these in Q/A -&- on the day ) PS no Jokes Please
Occupational Health is the Interaction between Work & Health
There are Three Type of Occupational Health :-
i) Personal Hygiene . *
ii) PPE Hygiene . *
iii) Site Hygiene . *
*** Personal Hygiene :
* Washing Hands and Forearms with Warm Water and Soap after each visit to the Toilet and before Eating and Drinking .
* Don’t forget to dry your Hands thoroughly .
* Pay particular attention under rings and watch straps .
* Don’t Eat and Drink around the Work Area .
* Use Designated Facilities or Suitable Area .
* Always remove PPE, e.g. Overalls, Gloves, before eating and drinking .

Before you start :

* Use hand care products, antibacterial soaps, barrier creams , skin conditions but don’t rely on barrier cream alone – chemicals can get through so ensure that you wear gloves . ↔ look out for this one -&- .
* Cuts and abrasions should be cleaned and waterproof dressings applied.
* if you are concerned about the condition of your skin or any other health issues, contact your manager .
* Your skin is at risk from sun burns, engine/mineral oils and chemicals ( chemicals are the Cause of Dermatitis ) ↔ look out for this one -&- .

Record and report an accident or incident
If you are self-employed, employ other people or are in charge of work premises, you have a duty under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 to report and keep records of certain types of incident or accident at work.

Understanding vibration data :
Vibration magnitude
Exposure to ( HAV ) is measured in terms of acceleration of the surface in contact with the hand as it moves one way and back again. This is normally expressed in m/s2. Particular frequencies, 5-20 Hertz (Hz, cycles per second of energy), cause most damage. Owing to the frequency dependence, a frequency weighting is applied to measurements. Hazard to health is usually assessed from the average (root mean square or rms) acceleration level where:- ( h means hand transmitted and w means weighted )

What are the causes of HAV ?
The high levels of vibration emitted when using common tools can cause permanent damage to your hands and arms. The risk depends on :-
* How high the vibration levels are
* How long you use the equipment for
* How awkward it is for you to use the equipment * How tightly you have to grip the equipment * How cold and wet you get when using the equipment

Your Amazing Hands ( Useful Junk )
In no other part of the body is so much packed into so little. Your hand consists of 27 individual bones; over a quarter of those in the entire body, and an intricate infrastructure of muscle tissue, metres of blood vessels and thousands of nerve endings per square inch, mostly in the fingertips. This delicate web of nerves is capable of detecting heat, cold or pain within microseconds and can sense a vibration of less than a hair’s width

Use of information from suppliers to determine risk ( Useful Junk )
Suppliers must report the vibration emission from hand-held power tools if it exceeds a threshold of 2.5m/s2. If it does not exceed 2.5 m/s2, this must be stated.

 

[amberleaf]

SELECTION OF HAND-HELD POWER TOOLS

The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER 98) regulation 4 places duties on employers and requires that hand-held power tools be :-

* suitable for the purpose for and working conditions in which they are to be used :
* used only for purposes for which they are suited; and
* used only under conditions for which they are suitable.

Regulation 5 requires that work equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair ( efficient relates to how it might affect health and safety ).

In considering suitability of hand-held power tools, account should be taken of the health risks from HAV. To do this, users will need to obtain information on vibration emission from the tools they are considering.

 

[Stringbags]

"Stringbags ,
Noise Level 140db / Activity , Cartridge Tools ( The H&S will tell that’s it’s the Noise that is coming out Cartridge Tools !! Put you will NOT HEAR IT AS MUCH WITH YOU EAR DEFENDERS ON ( PS , that’s why you use them CSCS : Noise Level 80db ←←← -&-
( and you should be min 2 meters away ) Cartridge Tools : with your EAR DEFENDERS ON
You should Wear ( Ear Protection ) H&S when the sound Level is between the ↔ 85db and 90db action Levels ←←←
PS : I Did Not Use the Words ( allowable ↔↔ peak level ) of 140db, it is a Sound Level awareness in ( db ) ←←←←←←←←
Thank you , Amberleaf

The Whisper is Lighter Than the Shadow ,

I do not do Debates !! I will gladly bow down to Wisdom , Amberleaf . "

No debate, just clarification for those taking their exams

Great work BTW

 

[noggindoo]

method when installing cable on insulation ?

Reference methods 100 and 101 refer to twin & earth (T/E) cable installed within various thickness of insulation. What reference method should I use when cable is installed on top of any insulation ?

Regulation 523.7 of BS-7671 requires that, where a cable is to be run in a space to which thermal insulation is likely to be provided, the cable is - wherever practicable - to be fixed in a position where it will not be covered by the thermal insulation.

the cable would appear to be in contact with thermal insulation on one side only. Therefore, if there is free air on the remaining sides of the cable, reference method 'C' for either Table 4D2A or Table 4D5 would be appropriate.

BS5803-5:1985
Thermal insulation for use in pitched roof spaces in dwellings. Specification for installation of man-made mineral fibre and cellulose fibre insulation

Thermal insulating materials, Roof spaces, Pitched roofs, Domestic facilities, Man-made fibres, Mineral fibres, Cellulose, Fibres, Installation, Sheet materials, Pellets, Beads, Particulate materials, Thermal insulation, Water storage cisterns, Pipes, Ven
Cross references :
BS 874, BS 3533, BS 3589, BS 5250, BS 5422, BS 5803art 1, BS 5803art 2, BS 5803art 3, BS 7671, PD 6501art 1

Loft Insulating Materials
Mineral fibre or fibreglass matting is usually available in rolls 400mm (16in) wide. Thicknesses range from 100mm (4 in) to 200mm (8 in). In the UK, the total thickness of insulation should be at least 200mm (8in), the thinner insulation material available allow for old, thinner loft insulation to be overlaid to achieve the 200mm. Roll insulation

Sheep’s Wool insulation is a general purpose natural wool fibre product designed for use in loft, rafter, internal wall and inter-floor applications. It is specifically constructed to match and surpass the Part L Building Standards with reference to Thermal, Fire, Mould Resistance and Structural performance.

SOoooo then what happens when you need to run lighting cable through the centre of upstairs floor joists typically by drilling through the centre of the joist and the space space between the ceiling and floorboards is to be completely filled with knauf mineral acoustic/thermal insulation.

 

[amberleaf]

"Stringbags : Thank You Very Must . Amberleaf

 

[amberleaf]

Fuse Definitions :

Fuse – A device that by fusing of one or more of its components opens the electrical circuit into which it is inserted by breaking the current when this current exceeds a given value for sufficient time. A fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device.

Fuse Link – A device with a strip or element of easily melted metal placed in an electrical circuit so as to interrupt an excessive current by melting. The modern fuse normally comprises a fusible element enclosed in a ceramic tube filled with a granular arc-quenching material. The fuse link may be fitted into a fuse holder, or fuse-combination unit (FCU) to provide protection for distribution systems.

HRC or HBC Fuse Link – High Rupturing Capacity or High Breaking Capacity denotes the ability of a fuse link to interrupt extremely high fault currents.

Current Limiting Fuse Link – A fuse link that, during its operation, limits the circuit current to a value much lower than the peak value of the prospective current. In practice, the terms HRC and Current Limiting are synonymous.

Fuse Carrier – The moveable part of a fuse, designed to carry the fuse link.

Fuse Base – The fixed part of a fuse, including terminals, contacts and covers.

Fuse Holder – The combination of the fuse carrier with its fuse base.

Current In – The maximum value of current that the fuse link will carry continuously without deterioration under specified conditions.

Dual Rating – Commonly used in the UK to designate the current rating of a motor fuse.

Breaking Capacity – The maximum fault current that the fuse link has been tested to interrupt. The fuse link may have an a.c. rating, a d.c. rating or both.

Minimum Breaking Current – The minimum value of current that the fuse link can satisfactorily interrupt.

Power Dissipation – The power released in a fuse link carrying rated current under specified conditions.

* Cut-off Characteristics – A curve detailing the cut-off current as a function of prospective current. Cut-off current is the maximum instantaneous value of current let-through by the fuse link during one half cycle of operation under the most onerous conditions of power factor and asymmetry.

* Note: The prospective current is expressed in kA rms, whereas the cut-off current is peak kA, so current limitation does occur even when the cut off current appears to exceed the prospective current.

Let-through Characteristics (I²t) – A curve or chart showing values of “pre-arcing” and “operating” let-through energy as a function of prospective current and voltage, I²t is proportional to energy in Amp² seconds.

Utilization Classes
The following Utilization Classes are identified for fuses:
gG Full range breaking capability, general applications ↔ ( Regs . p/49
gM Full range breaking capability, motor circuit protection ↔ ( Regs . p/48

The BS1362 Fuse
The UK uses a fused plug which must be fitted with a BS 1362 fuse. For domestic installations the use of the BS 1363 plug and socket system and the fitting of a BS 1362 fuse into a plug is a legal requirement under the UK Plug and Socket Safety Regulations, 1995.

With a correctly fused BS 1363 plug, the flexible cable connected to equipment is always fully protected against the effects of overload or small overcurrents

Regs : BS 1362 ↔ Cartridge Fuses / p/229 ... BS 1363 p/229

3A fuse protects 0.5mm² cords
13A fuse protects 1.25mm2 cords

The use of BS 1362 fuses to protect flexible cords or cables from overload conditions and from fault conditions such as short circuits,

BS 1362 fuses and BS 1363 accessories in the UK recognise the importance of a comprehensive system of British Standards,

SWITCHING DEVICES
Definitions :-
Switching is the ability to make and break defined load and overload currents at a rated operational voltage, for the useful life of the device.

Switch – A mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions which may include specified operating overload conditions and also carrying, for a specified time, currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short-circuit.

* NOTE: A switch may be capable of making, but not breaking, short-circuit currents.

Disconnector – A mechanical switching device which, in the open position, complies with the requirements specified for the isolating function.

* NOTE: A disconnector is capable of opening and closing a circuit when either a negligible current is broken or made, or when no significant change in the voltage across the terminals of each of the poles of the disconnector occurs. Its also capable of carrying currents under normal circuit conditions and carrying, for a specified time, currents under abnormal conditions such as those of short circuit.

SWITCH DISCONNECTOR HIGH IP RATING
Switch-disconnector – A switch which, in the open position, satisfies the isolating requirements specified for a disconnector.

Function
Making and breaking current :- Switch ; Switch-fuse ; Fuse-switch ;
Function
Isolating :- Disconnector ; Disconnector-fuse ; Fuse-disconnector ;
Function
Making, breaking and isolating :- Switch-disconnector ; Switch-disconnector-fuse ; Fuse-switch disconnector ;

Accurate discrimination – In any well designed electrical installation, HRC fuse links are the main protective device in both primary and branch circuits. Modern HRC fuse links will discriminate with each other much more readily than other protective devices.

Proven reliability and non deterioration – Unlike many other protective devices, BS 88 classified HRC fuse links, in practice, do not need replacing until one has blown. Proven technology and expertise ensure the highest quality, guaranteeing
performance, reliability and years of uninterrupted service.

High breaking capacity and energy limitation – In the event of a damaging short circuit the fault energy is severely restricted by rapid operation of the fuse link.

Fault level
Fuse links are generally assigned standardised breaking capacities which are normally in excess of any fault current likely to be encountered in service.

 

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Old Notes : 1 - The prospective short circuit current at the origin of the consumer's installation must be taken into account when:
(A) selecting the type of overcurrent protective device to be installed.
2 - Design calculations involving conductors and an overcurrent protection device is most likely satisfied when:
(A) In is not less than the design current Ib.
3 - If the cable is totally enclosed in Thermal Insulation for a distance of 2 m, the correction factor (Ci) will be: (A) 0.5.
4 - An arrow appearing through an electronic symbol means the value of the device is: (A) fixed
5 - A 12V battery is connected across a set of resistors in series, values being, 60? 30?, 100? and 45?. The current flowing in the circuit is: (A) 51mA.
6 - Where motor isolators are remote from the motor they must be: (A) capable of being locked off.
7 - The purpose of an installation specification is to inform the: (A) contractor of the clients requirements.
8 - An RCBO is a device which is used as: (A) both an overcurrent and residual current protection device. ( Definitions )
9 - The legal requirement for electrical equipment to be maintained in good order is laid down in the:
(A) Electricity at Work Regulations 1989.
10 - MΩ is the abbreviation used for: (A) megohms.
11 - Warning signs with a blue background are: (A) Mandatory signs.( H&S )
12 - A length of copper wire has a resistance of 8 ?. What would be the resistance if the length of wire were halved and the cross sectional area doubled: (A) 2 Ω.
13 - Which of the following does not determine the frequency of the Periodic Inspection and Testing of an installation: (A) the competence of the tester.
14 - DC motors create a constant, stationary, magnetic field in the conductors attached to the:
(A) yoke.
15 - The type of fault which occurs when a phase conductor comes in contact with a neutral conductor is called: (A) a short circuit fault.
16 - The IEE Regulations are designed to provide: (A) safety from fire, shock and burns.
17 - The maximum earth fault loop impedance, permitted by BS 7671, on a TN system for a ring final circuit protected by a 30 A BS 1361 fuse is: (A) 1.15Ω. Regs p/48
18 - The minimum depth through which a sheathed cable can pass through a joist is: (A) 50 mm.
19 - A black fire extinguisher contains: (A) carbon dioxide.
20 - If two equal wattage lamps were connected in series the volt drop across each of them would: (A) be the same.
21 - A STAR connected system has a line voltage of 1000V, what is the phase voltage: (A) 577V.
22 - Protection against objects greater than 1mm diameter has an IP classification of: (A) IP4X.
23 - A three phase cage rotor induction motor is required to operate on a 50 Hz supply and run at a speed of approximately 730 rpm. The number of pole pairs required will be: (A) 4.
24 - Instrument test leads should comply with: (A) HSE Guidance Note GS 38.
25 - The insulation resistance of two circuits is of 40M? an 36? respectively. When tested together what is the total insulation resistance: (A) 19 MΩ.
26 - Which of the following type of fire extinguisher would you not use on an electrical equipment fire: (A) Foam extinguishers.
27 - An overload current is: (A) an overcurrent occurring in a circuit which is electrically sound.( regs . p/27 Definitions ,
28 - If he plates of a parallel plate capacitor are increased in area, the capacitance will: (A) increase.
29 - Electrical equipment users should be: (A) capable of inspecting equipment for obvious defects.( this will come up on PT )
30 - If a cable run measured on a drawing with a scale of 1:25 is 65 cm, what is the actual length of the cable run: (A) 16.25m.

 

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Fault Identification Chart : If the RCD trips in service . consult the Fault Identification Chart . to establish the reason .

↓ RCD tripped Off “ → Can RCD be switched on again ? → * ↓ * Yes Check RCD operation with test button → Transient Fault → if tripping re-occurs attention is needed
No → Switch Off MCBs or remove Fuses of the Circuits Protected by RCD → Can RCD be switched On again ? → No → attention is needed to correct Fault : * ( Yes . Check RCD operation with test button ) → Switch on MCBs or replace Fuses One by One until RCD trips off . Switch Off or
Un-plug all loads or Appliances in this Circuit → Can RCD be switched On again ? → * Yes → Switch On or Connect loads One by One until RCD trips Off → This load or Appliance is Fault . Attention needed to Correct Fault . No → Fault is located in Cable of this Circuit . Attention needed

SI Units :

Prefixes used with SI Units .
Factor : 10-1 , name of prefix : deci- Symbol : d
Factor : 10-2 , name of prefix : centi- Symbol : c
Factor : 10-3 , name of prefix : milli- Symbol : m
Factor : 10-6 , name of prefix : micro- Symbol : µ
Factor : 10-9 , name of prefix : nano- Symbol : n
Factor : 10-12 , name of prefix : pico- Symbol : p
Factor : 10-15 , name of prefix : femto- Symbol : f
Factor : 10-18 , name of prefix : atto- Symbol : a
Factor : 10 , name of prefix : deca- Symbol : da
Factor : 10-2 , name of prefix : hector- Symbol : h
Factor : 10-3 , name of prefix : kilo- Symbol : k
Factor : 10-6 , name of prefix : mega- Symbol : M
Factor : 10-9 , name of prefix : giga- Symbol : G
Factor : 10-12 , name of prefix : tera- Symbol : T
Factor : 10-15 , name of prefix : peta- Symbol : P
Factor : 10-18 , name of prefix : exa- Symbol : E

Latin in Common Usage . Useful Junk : AD ( Anno Domin) in the year of our lord
ad hoc ( for that purpose .
ad infinitum (Without end .
alias ( otherwise .
alibi ( Elsewhere .
ante ( Before .
am ( ante meridem ) Before noon .
a priori ( From the cause to the effect .
bona fide ( in good faith .
caveat emptor ( Let the buyer beware .
ex cathedra ( with full authority .
ex cathedra ( As a favour or goodwill .
ex officio ( By virtue of Office .

* ex gratia ( As a favour or good will .

Escape Route
In Case of Emergency, a way of travel from any point within a building to the Exterior and a Place of Safety.

Fire Escape A Structure or Device, such as an Outside Stairway Attached to a Building, erected for Emergency Exit in the Event of Fire.

Fire Escape :
Means of rapid egress from a building, primarily intended for use in case of fire. Building codes define an exit as an enclosed and protected path of escape in the event of a fire, leading from an exit access through a combination of corridors, stairways, and doors to an exit discharge at an exterior court or public way. The term fire escape usually refers to open iron or steel balconies with steep stairways on the outside of buildings; often a retrofit of older buildings, these are rare in new construction. Other means of escape are by balconies leading to adjacent buildings, or through chutes, often used in hospitals.

CSCS

Excavations which are supported to prevent any person being buried or trapped by an accidental collapse or a fall or dislodgement of material ( H&S . use a Topman at all times ) ↔ ( H&S . Although an excavation must be inspected at the start of every shift )


Timing and frequency of checks, inspections and examinations :

* Excavations which are supported to prevent any person being buried or trapped by an accidental collapse or a fall or dislodgement of material

* The surface and every parapet or permanent rail of every existing place of work at height

* Guard rails, toe boards, barriers and similar collective means of fall protection

Scaffolds and other working platforms (including tower scaffolds and (MEWPs) used for construction work and from which a person could fall more than 2m ←←←← -&-

*** →→ An inspection and a report is required for a tower scaffold or MEWP (used for construction work and from which a person could fall 2 metres) H&S . Check Tag on Scaffold ↔ they must be Check Every Week .and every use ; as a rule on Mondays on Construction Sites .
( providing they are trained and competent. A visible tag system, which supplements inspection records as it is updated following each pre-use inspection, ) -&-

* All other working platforms

* Collective safeguards for arresting falls (e.g. nets, airbags, soft landing systems)

* Ladders and stepladders

CSCS : This information sheet sets out the specific requirements for:

existing places of work (which prevent falls without the addition or use of other equipment e.g. permanent guard rails on a flat roof);

work platforms (e.g. scaffolds, mobile platforms); Read up on this ←← a must

collective fall arrest systems (e.g. nets, airbags, soft landing systems);

(Health, Safety and We l f a r e ) Regulations 1996, the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 and the Work at Height Regulations 2005. ↔ Inspections should only be carried out by a competent person.

The Work at Height Regulations 2005 require an assessment to be undertaken before starting any work at height. If the assessment confirms that there is no alternative to working at height, then suitable work equipment should be selected, taking into account the nature of the work.

Erecting a tower
Many types of mobile access towers are available. The manufacturer or supplier has a duty to provide an instruction manual which explains the erection sequence, including any bracing requirements. If the tower has been hired, the hirer has a duty to provide this information. This information must be passed on to the person erecting the tower.

Towers should be erected following a safe method of work. There are two approved methods recommended work. There are two approved methods recommended by the Prefabricated Access Suppliers’ and Manufacturers’ Association (PASMA), which have been developed in co-operation with the Health and Safety Executive

The first method, an advance guard rail system, makes use of specially designed temporary guard rail units, which are locked in place from the level below and moved up to the platform level. The temporary guard rail units provide collective fall prevention and are in place before the operator accesses the platform to fit the permanent guard rails. The progressive erection of guard rails from a protected area at a lower level ensures the operator is never exposed to the risk of falling from an unguarded platform. above the platform. It is designed to ensure that the operator does not stand on an unguarded platform, but installs the components to a particular level while positioned within the trap door of that same level.

Stability
Make sure the tower is resting on firm, level ground with the locked castors or base plates properly supported. Never use bricks or building blocks to take the weight of any part of the tower.←←←

Always check the safe working height by referring to the instruction manual. Towers should never be erected to heights above those recommended by the manufacturer.

Always install stabilisers or outriggers when advised to do so in the instruction manual.

Moving the tower : ←←←←←←← reduce the height to a maximum of 4 m;

Be Sure, Be Safe : ( Access Platforms )

* Rain may Alter Ground Conditions .
* Do NOT Attach Harness to Structure outside the Platform .
* Do NOT suspend a load Under the Platform .
* Overloading is Extremely Dangerous .
* Do NOT use the Machine as a Jack or Prop .
- Barricade the Work Area .
- Minimum Safe Distance from Power Lines Mounted on Steel Towers . ( 15m ) ↔ ↕
- Minimum Safe Distance from Power Lines Mounted on Poles . ( 9m ) ↔ ↕

Typical Weights : Average “ Big Man Weighs “ 15 Stone or 220lbs or 100Kg or 1kN or 1000N ,

Beaufort Scale :

Machines Maximum Safe Wind Speed Usage .
O Calm ( O – 1mph ) Calm , Smoke Rises Vertically :
1) Light Air ( 1 – 3mph ) Direction of Wind Shown by Smoke
2) Light Breeze ( 4 – 7mph ) Wind Felt on Face ; Leaves Rustle :
3) Gentle Breeze ( 8 – 12mph ) Leaves and Small Twigs in Constant Motion . Wind Extends Light Flag
4) Moderate Breeze ( 13- 18mph ) Raises Dust and Loose Paper . Small Branches are Moved .
5) Fresh Breeze ( 19 – 24mph ) Small trees in leaf begin to Sway . crested wavelets form on Inland Waterways .
6) Strong Breeze ( 25 – 31mph ) Large Branches in Motion . Whistling Heard in Telephone Wires . Umbrellas used with Difficulty .
7) Near Galle ( 32 – 38mph ) Whole Trees in Motion . Inconvenience Felt when Walking against Wind .
8) Gale ( 39 – 46 ) Breaks Twigs off Trees . Generally Impedes Progress .
9) Strong Gale ( 47 – 54mph ) Slight Structural Damage Occurs ( Chimney Pots and Slates Removed )

 

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VERTICAL LIFTS
It is not normally necessary for personnel working from a vertical lift to wear fall protection equipment, other than in exceptional circumstances. from a vertical lift to wear fall protection equipment, other than in exceptional circumstances. This would include : Scissor Lifts (SL) and Vertical Personnel Platforms (VPP)

The need for a fall protection system will be the outcome of a job specific risk assessment undertaken prior to work commencing and taking into consideration the manufacturer’s operators’ manual.

wearing a safety harness Never attach the harness to a structure outside the work platform :

Latin in Common Usage .
Intra vires ( Within one’s powers .
ex post facto ( In the light of Subsequent events .
ex silentio ( By the absence of contrary evidence .
flagrante delicto ( In the Act of committing the crime .
in curia ( In open court .
in extensor ( At full length . infra dig. ( Beneath one’s dignity . ( infra dignitatem )
Verbatim ac litteratim ( Word for word ) ( Letter for letter ) .
Ultra vires ( Beyond one’s legal powers . ( V. or VS. ( versus ) Against .
Pro bono publico ( For the public good .
non sequitur ( it does not follow logically .
licet ( it is allowed, legal .
onus ( Burden .
onus probandi (Burden of proof .
Op. ( Opus ) Piece of work .

Positioning stepladders
* Check all four feet are in contact with the ground.
* Try and position stepladders with the rungs facing the work activity and not side-on, as this is less stable
* Correct - rungs facing work activity
* Correct - three clear steps. Don’t work any higher up this

X : Incorrect - rungs side-on to work activity

Make sure the stepladder is the correct length. Don’t use the top two steps of a stepladder unless it has a suitable handrail .Don’t use the top three steps of swing-back or double-sided stepladders where a step forms the very top of the stepladder This should ensure a handhold is readily available

A toolbox talk on leaning ladder
Remember to check that all the basic conditions for safety have been met. This is particularly important if the ladder is not tied.

* The ground is Level , firm and free from anything that may cause the Ladder to Slip .
* The Ladder is at the Correct 1 in 4 Angle .
* You can hold on with both hands when Climbing up or down .
* The work does Not involve using both hands , over-reaching or working above three-rungs from the top

Common Abbreviations and Meanings : H&S / CSCS .

ACoP : Approved Codes of Practice .
* Provides general guidance for Employers and Employees on the most suitable and safest way to carry out Activities .

CDM : Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations
* Rules that must be Observed by all Contractors and Employees on Site .

COSHH : Control of Substances Hazardous to Heath :
* Rules that cover Dangerous Solids , Liquids or Gases and how they should be Used and Stored .

HASAWA : Health and Safety At Work Act 1974 :
* Main rules that cover Heath and Safety in the Workplace .
* To Provide Safety in the Workplace .
* Protects Visitors and the Public .

HSE : Health and Safety Executive :
* Enforces Law in the Workplace .
* Inspects Premises and Workplaces to Advise and Ensure Employers and Employees are Complying with Heath and Safety Legislation .

MEWP : Mobile Elevating Work Platform :
* Used for Working at Height when it is Not Possible to Erect a Scaffold .

PPE : Personal Protective Equipment :
* Includes hard hats , Impact Goggles , Ear Defenders , Protective Gloves , Overalls , Safety Footwear and High Visibility Clothing .

PUWER : Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations .
* Provides Guidance to Protect People’s Health and Safety from Equipment that they Use at Work .
* Equipment that Includes , amongst others , Woodworking Machines , Drilling Machines , Lifting Equipment , Dumper Trucks and Ladders .

RIDDOR : Reporting of Injuries , Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations .
* The following events must be Reported to the Health and Safety Executive : Deaths and Major Injuries , Incidents where Employees are Incapable or Working for more than Three-Days due to an Injury at Work , Diseases , Dangerous Occurrences or Near Misses

RPE : Respiratory Protective Equipment :
* To be Worn over the Mouth and Nose when working with Strong Smelling Substances .

Accident :
* An Unplanned or Unwanted event or Occurrence that may Result in Injury to Person and / or Damage to Property .

Competent Person :
* Someone Who has done Training in a Certain Task and is able to Carry Out this Task Unsupervised .

First Aid :
* How you Treat Minor Injuries where other Treatment is Not Needed , Minimising any Chance of further Injury or Illness until a Doctor , Nurse or Paramedic Arrives .

Hazard : ( Something that can Cause Harm . Illness or Damage to Health or Property ,

Improvement Notice :
* Issued by the HSE to State what is wrong and what is Required to be put right , Usually to a given Timescale .

Kinetic Lifting : ( Term Used to Describe the Correct Method for Lifting ,

Mandatory / Compulsory : ( This Must be Done , e.g. a Circular Sign with a Blue Background such as “ Wear Eye Protection “ .

Prohibition Notice :
* Issued by the HSE on Employers or Employees where , in their Opinion there is an Imminent Risk of an Accident . The Work Stops Immediately . Matters must be Corrected before the Notice is Lifted .

Regulations : ( Rules that have been put in Place to Ensure Work is Carried Out both Correctly and Safely .

Risk :
* Likelihood or Chance that Harm . Illness or Damage will Occur and the Degree of Harm ( how many people might be Affected and hoe Badly )

Risk Assessment :
* Mainly Carried Out by an Employer to Identify Risks to His/Her Employees ( and Others ) and Decide what is Necessary to Control these Risks to the Standards Required Under the Law .

Why Do we Need to Know about First Aid ? : H&S / CSCS :

People at Work can Suffer Injuries or Fall Ill . it does Not Matter whether the Injury or the Illness is Caused by the Work they do or Not .
What is Important is that they Receive Immediate Attention and in Serious Cases , an Ambulance is Called .

The Health & Safety ( First Aid ) Regulations 1981 Require Employers to Provide Adequate and Appropriate Equipment , Facilities and Personnel , This is so that Employees can get First Aid if they are Injured or become Ill at Work .

What is Adequate and Appropriate will Depend on the Circumstances in your Workplace :

The Minimum First Aid Provision on Any Work Site is :-
* A Suitably Stocked First Aid Box .
* An Appointed Person to take Charge of First Aid Arrangements .

It is Important to Remember that Accidents’ can happen at any Time ; First Aid Provision needs to be Available at all Times when People are at Work ( You Have the Right to Ask How Many First Aiders Are on Site ) ←←← H&S

Employers Must tell Employees about First Aid Arrangements at Work . They Usually do this by putting Up Notices telling Staff who and where the First Aiders or Appointed Persons are , and where the First Aid Box is .

Appointed Person and First Aiders :
An Employer has to Make Adequate Arrangements to Treat Employees and Others who are Injured or Become Ill at Work , Employers have to Appoint One , or more than One , First Aider , Depending on the Number of Employees and the Risk Involved in the Employers Work .

For Low-Risk Employers and / or where there are Few Employees it is Adequate to Authorise Someone ( the “ Appointed Person “ )
To take Change of a Situation when Someone has a Serious illness or Accident , Employers with a First Aider or First Aiders also tent to have these Appointed Persons to Cover Situations when First Aiders are Not Present .

H&S / CSCS
First Aid Kits and Materials :
An Employer has to Provide First Aid Materials to Deal with Minor Injuries or Conditions such as Cuts , Fractures , Burns , etc. A Basic First Aid Kit should Contain the Following :-

* 20 x individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings ( 6 ) ←
2 x sterile Eye Pads . ←
* 6 x individually wrapped Triangular Bandages ( 2 ) ←
* 6 x safety pins ( 2 ) ←
* 6 x medium – sizes wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings . ←
* 2 x large – sized wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings ( 1 ) ←
* 3 x extra large – sizes wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings . ←
* 1 x Guidance Leaflet ( First Aid at Work ( 1 ) ← -&- in First Aid Box :

( The Number in Brackets are for Travelling First Aid Kits )

Emergency First Aid for Appointed Person Training Course : this will be handy for you to use . First Aid Box Material . H&S

Latin in Common Usage .
De jure ( by right
Contra ( Against
Ad nauseam ( Until disgusted , ( to a sickening degree .
modo et forma ( in manner and form
per ( By means of , according to .
ubi supra ( Where above mentioned .

Appointed Persons :
This first aid course is suitable for those requiring a basic first aid qualification or for those who are designated an Appointed Person in their workplace with regard to the ( HSE ) who are designated an Appointed Person in their workplace with regard to the ( HSE )

Syllabus:-
* The Priorities of First Aid
* Managing Incidents
* Examining a Casualty
* Unconsciousness
* Basic Life Support
* Wounds and Control of Bleeding
* Burns and Scalds
* First Aid Kits . ←←←
* First Aid Regulations ( Regulations 1981 Require Employers to Provide Adequate and Appropriate Equipment ←←←
* Recording and Reporting

 

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Emergency First Aid at Work :-

Syllabus:
* The Priorities of First Aid
* Managing Incidents
* Examining a Casualty
* Unconsciousness
* Basic Life Support
* Wounds and Control of Bleeding
* Burns and Scalds
* First Aid Kits
* First Aid Regulations
* Recording and Reporting

First Aid at Work : 3 days.

Syllabus :-
* The Priorities of First Aid
* Managing Incidents
* Examining a Casualty
* Unconsciousness
* Basic Life Support
* Wounds and Control of
* Bleeding
* Burns and Scalds
* Common Illnesses
* Heart Attacks
* Fractures
* Eye Injuries
* First Aid Kits
* First Aid Regulations
* Recording and Reporting

It is strongly recommended by HSE that first aid trained staff attend a half-day update every twelve months.

The Corporate Manslaughter Act

The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act, was introduced on 6 April 2008 and is a landmark in law. For the first time companies can now be found guilty of corporate manslaughter as a result of serious management failures resulting in a gross breach of a duty of care.

Directors and senior managers face an increased likelihood of personal fines under existing health and safety legislation. The act also makes the company liable for heavy fines together with other sanctions.

First Aid at Work ( FAW ) ←← Emergency First Aid at Work ( EFAW ) ←←

Checklist for assessment of first-aid needs #
Hazards (use the findings of your risk assessment and take account of any parts of your workplace that have different work activities/hazards which may require different levels of first-aid provision)

The Legal Obligation : H&S ( this will come up -&-
Employers have an obligation under the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 and Approved Code of Practice ( to make adequate and appropriate first aid provision for their workforce.

It is recommended that someone is able to undertake first aid duties at all times when people are at work.

 

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Control of Vibration at Work Regulations

Medium risk
Employees who regularly operate:
* hammer action tools for more than about 15 minutes per day; or ↔ ( CSCS. That’s the Answer they want to hear -&- !! remember this one
* some rotary and other action tools for more than about one hour per day.

Clothing
“ Gloves “ can be used to keep hands WARM ,↔ but should not be relied upon to provide protection from vibration’s Q/A -&- CSCS ( remember this one

Earthing is Achieved by Providing a Path for ↔↔ Fault Current to Flow Safely to Earth , which Causes the Protective Device to Operate and Disconnect the Supply thereby Removing the Danger .

Excavations and Confined Spaces :

* Excavations must always be Supported if there is a Risk of Sides falling in !! ( this is what -&-s want to hear )
* Depending on how Deep the Excavation is , ↔↔ Climb Down a Ladder !!
* if you feel unwell “ DO NOT Work in a Deep Trench !!
* Always Ensure that deep trenches or Confined Spaces have Enough Oxygen within the Area before you Start Working !!

Q/A : - Should Guard Rails be Used around Working Trenches ????
- State 3 Documents Required to Work in a Confined Space ????
- What is the Purpose of a Top Man ????
- Should you Continue Working in a Confined Space if your Permit Runs Out whilst Working on the Job ????
- What are the Main Hazards to be Aware of when Working in Confined Space ????

A ) Risk arises largely from the possibility of entrapment and breathing air that is contaminated or deficient in oxygen. The confined space is often isolated which may make communication difficult. There may also be risks associated with the rescue of a person from a confined space .

A ) Undertakes the required ↔ Risk Assessment ↔ and that appropriate systems of work are developed to manage the risks arising from work
in a confined space in order to protect all persons who may enter a confined space, or be affected by such work.

A ) Identify confined spaces and assess . their potential hazards e.g. collapse, flooding,


A ) Assess the risks associated with the entry of a person to work in the confined space plus any rescue or First Aid measures. ←←


A ) ensure control measures are in place to minimise risk - include entry permits.


Ensure that a risk assessment is undertaken by a competent person before any work involving entry into the confined space is undertaken; i.e. consider: ↔ nature of the confined space

Working with Power : Electrical Safety : H&S / CSCS . Q/A -&-s may ask

Electricity is a very Dangerous form of Energy . it is Invisible and can easily Kill or start Fires .
You must Never Work with Live Electrical Cable or Machinery .

In the Construction Industry about Seven People are Killed each Year by Electrocution and many more are Seriously Injured .

It’s therefore Very Important that you make Sure any Electrical Equipment ( Including Powered Hand Tool ) are Safe to Work with to do this you must follow these Safety Procedures .

* Do Not Plug in Before Checking :-
When you first come across a piece of Electrical Equipment or Powered Hand Tool . you Won’t know if it is Safe to Plug in and Work with .
The Rule is “ Do Not Plug in Until you have Checked the Tool “ if you Plug the Powered Tool in and there is a Fault with it , you could be Seriously Injured or Killed !!!

* Check Body of Power Tool :
Check that the Body of the Tool is Clean and Free from Grease or Excessive Dirt . This Dirt could make the Tool more Difficult to Hold and Control .
It could also Hide Other Defects . Check for Cracks in the Body . Check for Loose Fittings and Missing Bits of the Tool . Check as well to see if there is an Up-to Date ( PAT Label on the Tool ) ↔ -&- Pat is the “ Portable Appliance Test “ This will Show it has Passed an Electrical Safety Test on a Particular Date . ( The Test must be Carried Out by a Competent Person )

* Check Cable on Power Tool :
The Cable could be Considered the “ Weaker “ Part of the Power Tool . it often lies on the Ground in Dirt and Water and can easily be Damaged by treading or driving over it . Check the Cable for Cuts , Abrasions , Burns , Bare-Wires , and Frayed Ends .

( There is NO SET Procedure for Checking Power Tools before Use . but it is Good Practice to Decide your Own Routine )

* Check Plug of Power Tool :
The Plug needs to be Checked to make Sure it is Not-Dirty , Wet or Covered in Grease . Check the Pins are in Place and Not Loose or Misshapen .
Also Check the Casing of the Socket to make Sure the Spring-Loaded Cover Operates Correctly and that it is Not Cracked .

* Check Voltage of Power Tool : CSCS .
If the Plug and Cable are Coloured Yellow the Power Tool will Operate at 110 Volts . -&-s ↔ on this One : There may Also be Labels on the Power Tool showing 110 Volts .
To work on Building Sites . all Power Tools should be at this Reduced Voltage or . better Still . ( Battery Operated ) -&-s ↔ on this One

* Plug in Power Tool :
Once you have made all the Checks Correctly . you can Plug in the Power Tool and Start Work . if you are Not Sure about the Checks you have just Made . do Not Plug in the Tool and Do-Not-Start-Work .Go and Ask Advice from your Supervisor .

What Causes Accidents ?

* Falling through Fragile Roofs and Roof lights : ( Danger Fragile Roof ) ↔ ( Mandatory↔ Blue : ! Use Crawling Boards Sign )
* Falling from Ladders , Scaffolds and other Workplaces : ( The Ladder is at the Correct 1 in 4 Angle : 75°
* Being Struck by Excavators . Lift Trucks or Dumpers : ( Banksmans ←← signals : they are used on Site !!
* Overturning Vehicles : No ↔ Banksman ↔ was ↔ Used !!!!!!!! ( Banksmans ←← signals : they are used on Site !!
* Being Crushed by Collapsing Structures :

Health and Safety signs ( Dangerous to the environment ) New One Out Look it Up : **
Explosive material ( it will be signs that will be showing you ) and the rest ,
Toxic material
( Ask your Tutors to get the H&S Customised Signs Poster : this will help you a Lot !!! on your , H&S : CSCS )

 

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H&S Test : ( The Full Monty ) 2010
Construction Skills
Noise and Vibration -&-s Q) Noise can Damage your hearing. What is an early Sign of this ? A) ↔ Temporary Deafness :
Q) Someone near you is using noisy equipment and you have no hearing protection . What should you do ? A) ↔ Leave the Area until you have the correct PPE.
Q) After working with Noisy Equipment , you have a “ ringing “ sound in your Ears . What does this mean ? A) ↔ Your hearing has been temporarily damaged .
Q) If you wear hearing protection , it will : A) ↔ Reduce noise to an acceptable level :
Q) Noise over a long time can damage your hearing . Can this damage be reversed ? A) ↔ No the damage is permanent .
Q) If you need to wear hearing protection , you must remember that : A) ↔ You may be less aware of what is going on around you .
Q) Two recommended ways to protect your hearing : A) 1 ↔ Ear plugs : A) 2 ↔ Ear Defenders :
Q) How can noise affect your health ? Give Two answer : A) 1 ↔ Headaches , A) 2 ↔ Hearing Loss ,
Q) Noise MAY be a problem in your work area if you have to shout to be clearly heard by someone who is standing : A) ↔ 2 metres away
Q) You thick the noise at work may have damaged your hearing. What should you do ? A) ↔ Ask your employer or doctor to arrange a hearing test .
Q) You need to wear Ear defenders , but an Ear pad is missing from one of the shells . What should you do ? A) ↔ Do not work in noisy areas until they are replaced .
Q) if you have to work in a “ hearing protection zone “ you must : A) ↔ Wear hearing protection at all times :
Q) Why is vibration a serious heath issue ? A) ↔ Vibration can cause a disabling injury that cannot be cured .
Q) What are Three early signs of Vibration white finger ? A) 1 ↔ Temporary loss of feeling in the fingers . A) 2 ↔ The fingertips turn white .
A) 3 ↔ Tingling in the fingers .
Q) You are LESS likely to suffer from hand-arm Vibration if you are : A) ↔ Warm and Dry .
Q) if you need to use a Vibrating tool , even for a short time , how can you help reduce the risk of hand-arm Vibration ? A) ↔ Do not grip the tool to tightly .
Q) Hand-arm Vibration can cause : A) ↔ damaged blood vessels and nerves in your fingers and hands .
Q) if you have to use a Vibrating tool , What would you expect your supervisor to do ? A) ↔ Tell you about the risk assessment and explain the safe way to use the tool :
Q) You have been using a Vibrating tool , The end of your fingers are starting to tingle . What does this mean ? A) ↔ You need to report your symptoms before they cause a problem .
Q) What is Vibration white finger ? A) ↔ You need to report your symptoms before they cause a problem .
Q) if you have to use a vibrating tool , how can you help reduce the effects of hand-arm Vibration ? A) ↔ Do the work in short spells .
Q) Which of these is MOST likely to cause Vibration white finger ? A) ↔ Hammer drill .

Hand-Held Equipment and Tools :

Q) to operate a power hand tool . you MUST be , A) ↔ Trained and Competent .
Q) if you need to use a hand tool or power tool on site , it must be : A) ↔ the right tool for the job and inspected before you use it .
Q) Before you adjust an electric hand tool , you should : A) ↔ switch it of and remove the plug from the socket .
Q) Someone near you is using a disc cutter to cut concrete blocks . What Three immediate hazards are likely to affect you ? A) 1 ↔ Flying fragments . A) 2 ↔ Dust in the air . A) 3 ↔ High noise levels .
Q) You need to use a power tool to cut or grind materials . Give Two ways to control the dust . A) 1 ↔ fit a dust extractor or collector to the machine . A) 2 ↔ Wet cutting .
Q) if you use a power tool to cut or grind materials . why must the dust be collected and not get into the air ? A) ↔ Most dust can be harmful if breathed in .
Q) if the head on your hammer comes loose , you should : A) ↔ Stop work and get the hammer repaired or replaced .
Q) if the guard is missing from a power tool , you should : A) ↔ not use the tool until a proper guard has been fitted :
Q) you must be fully trained before you use a cartridge-operated tool Why ? A) ↔ They operate like a gun and can be dangerous in inexperienced hands :
Q) if you need to use a power tool with a rotating blade , you should : A) ↔ adjust the guard to expose just enough blade to let you do the job .
Q) chainsaws are dangerous because :-
* they are heavy to use .
* they are noisy .
* there is no guard on the cutting chain .
A) ↔ All of the other answers . ←←
Q) Before you use a power tool . you should check . A) ↔ it is not damage and is fit to use .
Q) if you need to use a grinding tool , what type of Eye protection will you need ? A) ↔ High impact eye protection .
Q) Most cutting and grinding machines have guards . What are the Two main functions of the guard ? A) 1 ↔ to stop fragments flying into the air . A) 2 ↔ to stop you coming into contact with the blade or wheel .
Q) you need to use a power tool . but it has a 13Amp plug fitted . What would be the safest thing to do ? A) ↔ get a 110 volt tool to use .
Q) Do you need to inspect simple hand tools like trowels . chisels and hammers ? A) ↔ Yes , they should be checked each time you use them .
Q) Someone near you is using a Laser Level . What heath hazard is likely to affect you ? A) ↔ None if it is used correctly .
Q) What is the main danger if you use a chisel with a “ mushroomed “ head . A) ↔ it will shatter and send fragments flying into the air .
Q) Look at these statements about power tools . Which one is true . . A) ↔ Always unplug the tool when you are not using it .
Q) it is dangerous to run an abrasive wheel faster than its recommended top speed . Why ? A) ↔ The wheel could burst .
Q) You need to use an air-powered tool . Which of these is NOT a hazard ? :-
A) ↔ * Electric shock .
* Hand-Arm Vibration .
* Airborne dust and flying fragments .
* Leaking Hoses .

Excavations and Confined Spaces :

Q) What must happen each time a sift starts work in an excavation ? A) ↔ A competent person must inspect the excavation .
Q) When digging , you hit and damage a buried cable , What should you do ? A) ↔ Do Not touch the cable , stop work and report it .
Q) An excavation must be supported if : A) ↔ there is a risk of the sides falling in .
Q) You are working in an excavation . if you see the side supports move . you should . A) ↔ Make sure that you and others get out quickly .
Q) What is the safe way to get into a deep excavation ? A) ↔ Climb down a ladder .
Q) When digging , you find a run of yellow plastic maker tape . What does it mean ? A) ↔ There is a buried service and further excavation must be carried out with care .
Q) Guard-rails are placed around the top of an excavation to prevent : A) ↔ anyone falling into the trench and being injured .
Q) Which of these is the most accurate way to locate buried services ? A) ↔ Trial holes . *** ↔ ( watch this one ) ****** -&-s
Q) if you need to dig near underground services , you should use : A)↔ a spade or shovel .
Q) you are in a deep trench . a lorry backs up to the trench and the engine is left running . what should you do ? A) ↔ Get out of the trench quickly .
Q) you are in a deep trench and start to feel dizzy , What should you do : A) ↔ Make sure that you and any others get out quickly .
Q) before work starts in a confined space , how should the air be : A) ↔ The air should be tested with a meter .
Q) if you need to work in a confined space , one duty of the TOP MAN is to : A) ↔ Start the rescue plan if needed . *** ↔ ( watch this one ) ****** -&-s
Q) Work in a confined space usually needs Three Safety documents – a Risk Assessment , a Method Statement and : A)↔ A Permit to Work .
Q) Which of these is NOT a hazard in a confined space ? A) ↔ a lack of Carbon Dioxide . *** ↔ ( watch this one ) ****** -&-s
Q) if there is sludge at the bottom of a confined space , you should : A) ↔ have the Correct Respiratory Protective Equipment and Training before you go in . *** ↔ ( watch this one ) ****** -&-s
Q) Why is Methane Gas Dangerous in confined space ? Give Two answers : A) 1 ↔ It Can Explode . A) 2 ↔ You will Not have enough Oxygen to Breath .
Q) you are in a confined space when the Gas Alarm sounds , You have no RPE , What should you do ? A) ↔ Get out of the confined space quickly .
Q) You are in a confined space . if the level of Oxygen Drops : A) ↔ You could become Unconscious .
Q) You have to work in a confined space . There is No Rescue Team or Rescue Plan , What should you do ? A) ↔ Do Not Enter Until a Rescue Plan and Team are in Place .
Q) You are working in a confined space when you Notice the Smell of Bad Eggs , This Smell is a Sign of : A) ↔ Hydrogen Sulphide .
Q) You need to walk through Sludge at the bottom of a confined space . Which of these is NOT a HAZARD ? A) ↔ The Release of Oxygen .
Q) You are working in a confined space . if the Permit to Work runs Out before you finish the job . You should : A) ↔ leave the confined space before the Permit runs OUT :
Q) When digging , you notice the soil gives off a Strange Smell . What is this likely to mean ? A) ↔ The ground could be Contaminated .

 

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Northern Ireland Legislation : H&S / CSCS

Section 1 – General Responsibilities ,
Q) The Heath & Safety at Work Order ( NI ) 1978 places legal duties on : A) ↔ All People at Work .
Q) Why is the Heath & Safety at Work Order ( NI ) 1978 important to you ? Give Two answers : A) 1 ↔ it requires your employer to provide a safe place to work . A) 2 ↔ it puts legal duties on you as an employee .
Q) as an employee . which of these is not your duty under the Heath & Safety at Work Act ? A) ↔ To write your own risk assessments .

Section 16 – Supervisory and Management :
Q) Which form must be displayed on projects where the Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations ( NI ) apply ? A) ↔ Form NI10 (Rev )
Q) Under the Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations ( NI ) , who is responsible for ensuring Notification to the Heath & Safety Executive of the Project ?
A) ↔ Planning Supervisor .
Q) Following a reportable dangerous occurrence , when must the Heath & Safety Executive ( NI ) be informed ? A) ↔ Immediately .
Q) The Construction ( Heath & Safety and Welfare ) Regulations ( NI ) 1996 require a supported excavation to be inspected : A) ↔ at the start of every shift .
Q) The Management of Heath & Safety Regulations ( NI ) 2000 require risk assessment to be . A) ↔ for all work activities .
Q) The Work at Height Regulations ( NI ) require inspections of scaffolding to be carried out by . A) ↔ A competent person .

Section 16 – Supervisory and Management :
Q) Under the Requirements of the Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations ( NI ) , What has to be displayed on a Construction Site . A) ↔ Form NI10 ( Rev )
Q) The Heath & Safety at Work Order and any regulations made under that Order are : A) ↔ Legally Binding .
Q) Where demolition is to be carried out close to Overhead cables , who should be consulted ? A) ↔ The local electricity supply company
Q) Plant and equipment needs to be inspected and the details recorded by operators : A) ↔ Weekly .

Specialist Working at Height ;

Q) if working from a Cherry-Picker . you should attach your safety lanyard to : A) ↔ a secure anchorage point inside the platform .
Q) if working from platform is 4 metres above the ground , the foot of the access ladder should be placed , A) ↔ I metre out .
Q) What should be included in a safety method statement for working at height ? Give Three answers . A) 1 ↔ The sequence of operations and the equipment to be used . A) 2 ↔ How falls are to be prevented . A) 3 ↔ Who will supervise the job on site .
Q) Scaffold towers may be erected by , A) ↔ anyone who is competent and authorised .
Q) When working above public areas , you FIRST consideration should be : A) ↔ to prevent anything falling on to people below .
Q) A competent person must routinely inspect a Scaffold : A) ↔ after it is erected and at intervals not exceeding 7 days .
Q) when coving rooflights , what TWO requirements should the covers meet ? A) 1 ↔ they are strong enough to take the weight of any load placed on it . A) 2 ↔ They are fixed in position to stop them being dislodged .
Q) you are working at height from a Cherry-Picker when the weather becomes very windy , your FIRST consideration should be : A) ↔ to decide whether the machine will remain stable .
Q) What is the MAIN reason for using a safety net or inflatable air bags rather than harness and lanyard ? A) ↔ Safety nets or air bags are collective fall arrest measures .
Q) You are working above a safety net . you notice the net is damaged , What should you do ? A) ↔ Stop work and report it .

Q) What is the MAIN reason for not allowing debris to gather in safety nets :A) ↔ it could injure someone who falls into the net .
Q) you are working at height , but the securing cord for a safety net is in your way , What should you do ? A) ↔ Leave the cord alone and report the problem .
Q) Ideally , a safety net should be rigged : A) ↔ immediately below where you are working .
Q) if a safety lanyard has damaged stitching , you should : A) ↔ get a replacement lanyard .
Q) What is the MAIN danger of leaving someone who has fallen suspended in a harness for to long ? A) ↔ They may suffer severe discomfort and lose consciousness .
Q) What is the recommended MAXIMUM height for a free-standing mobile tower when used indoors ? A) ↔ As specified by the manufacturer .

Q) After gaining access to the platform of a mobile tower . the FIRST thing you should do is : A) ↔ close the access hatch to stop people or equipment from failing .
Q) Before a mobile tower is moved , you must first . A) ↔ clear the platform of people and equipment .
Q) Which of these MUST happen before any roof work starts ? A) ↔ A risk assessment must be carried out .
Q) Edge protection is designed to : A) ↔ prevent people and materials falling .
Q) before climbing a ladder you notice that it has a rung missing near the top . What should you do ? A) ↔ Do not use the ladder and immediately report the defect .
Q) When can someone who is not a scaffolder remove parts of a scaffold ? A) ↔ Never , only competent scaffolders can remove the parts .
Q) During your work , you find that a scaffold tie is in you way . What should you do . A) ↔ Report the problem to your supervisor .
Q) How far should a ladder extend above the stepping – off point ? A) ↔ 1 metre .
Q) When using ladders for access, what is the Maximum vertical distance between landings ? A) ↔ 9 metres
Q) On working platform . the Maximum permitted gap between the guard-rails is : A) ↔ 470mm
Q) When should guard-rails be fitted to a working platform ? A) ↔ At any height if a fall could result in an injury .
Q) What is the Minimum standard of safety for carrying an item up a ladder ? A) ↔ One hand must be kept on the ladder at all times
Q) You need to store materials on a flat roof that cannot be fitted with edge protection . What Three things must you ensure ? A) 1 ↔ The materials are stored in such a way that they cannot fall . A) 2 ↔ The stored materials do not endanger others working on the roof A) 3 ↔ There is safe access to the stored materials .
Q) The Beaufort Scale is important when working at height because it measures : A) ↔ Wind Speed .
Q) Before starting work at height . the weather forecast says the wind will increase to “ Force 7 “ . What does this mean ? A) ↔ A near gale that will make it difficult to move about and handle materials .
Q) You are on a Cherry-Picker , but it does not quite reach where you need to work . What should you do ? A) ↔ Do not carry out the job until you have an alternative means of access .
Q) if you are working at height and operating a Mobile Elevating Work Platform . When is it acceptable for someone to use the ground-level controls ? A) ↔ In an Emergency Only .
Q) A “ Class 3 “ ladder is : A) ↔ for domestic use only and must not be used on site .
Q) When is it acceptable to jump off a Mobile Elevating Work Platform on to a high level work platform ? A) ↔ Not under any Circumstances .
Q) How will you know the Maximum Weight or number of people that can be lifted safely on a Mobile Elevating Work Platform ? A) ↔ From an information plate fixed to the machine
Q) When working at height . which of these is the safest way to transfer waste materials to ground level ? A) ↔ Through a waste chute directly into a skip
Q) You need to use a ladder to access a roof . The only place to rest the ladder is on a run of plastic gutter . What TWO things should you consider doing ? A) 1 ↔ Find another way to access the roof . A) 2 ↔ Use a proprietary “ Stand-Off “ device that allows the ladder to rest against the wall
Q) if using inflatable air bags as a means of fall arrest . the inflation pump MUST : A) ↔ run all the time while work is carried out at height
Q) Why is it dangerous to use inflatable air bags that are too big for the area to be protected ? A) ↔ They will exert a sideways pressure on anything that is containing them
Q) When is it most appropriate to use a safety harness and lanyard for working at height ? A) ↔ Only when all other options for fall prevention have been ruled out
Q) When is it safe to use a Scissor Lift on soft ground ? A) ↔ When stabilisers or outriggers can be deployed onto solid ground
Q) Who should install safety nets ? A) ↔ Any competent and authorised person .You need to cross a roof . How do you establish if it is fragile ? A) ↔ Look at the Risk Assessment or Method Statement
Q) After gaining access to a roof . you notice some overhead cables within reach . What should you do ? A) ↔ Confirm that it is safe for you to be on the roof
Q) You have to lean over an exposed edge while working at height . How should you wear your safety helmet ? A) ↔ Take your helmet off while leaning over then put it on again afterwards
Q) When trying to clip your lanyard to an anchor point . you find the locking device does not work . What should you do ? A) ↔ Stop work and report to your supervisor
Q) An outdoor tower scaffold has stood overnight in high winds and heavy rain . What should you consider before you use the scaffold ? A) ↔ That the scaffold is inspected by a competent person
Q) What is the main disadvantage of an aluminium scaffold tower ? A) ↔ The lack of weight means it can be displaced by high winds
Q) Which type of scaffold tie can be removed by someone who is not a scaffolder ? A) ↔ None

 

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Lift and Escalators

Q) A gap of what size or more . between the edge of the work platform and the hoistway wall . is regarded as a fall hazard ? A) ↔ 300mm
Q) Before entering the pit of an operating lift . you must first : A) ↔ Verify the pit stop switch
Q) When is it acceptable to work on the top of a car without a top-of-car control station ? A) ↔ When the unit has been locked and tagged out
Q) Who should fit a padlock and tag to the lock-out guard : A) ↔ Anyone working on the unit
Q) What is the frequency of the statutory period of inspection for lifting equipment used to support people ? A) ↔ At least every 6 months
Q) Which statement is INCRRECT ? :-
A) ↔ A stop switch must be within 1.5m of the front of the car
* The car top should be clean and free from grease and oil spills
* You should secure your tools out of your standing area when working on top of the car
* Before trying to gain access to the hoistway . you should decide whether the work will need the power supply to be live
Q) When working on an energised car . which statement is true ? :-
* Always attach your lanyard to the car top while standing on the landing
* Make sure you step onto the landing with your lanyard still attached to the car
* Ensure that your lanyard is clipped to a guide bracket or similar anchorage on the shaft
A) ↔ Always check the lanyard is unclipped before getting off the car top
Q) You arrive on site and find the lift main isolator is switched off . What do you do ? A) ↔ Contact the person in control of the premises to find out if they had switched the lift OFF or if anyone else is WORKING on SITE ( a Must on Site ) ← You Must do Safe Isolation / Padlock
Q) if a counterweight screen is not fitted or has been removed . What should you do before starting work ? A) ↔ Carry out a further Risk Assessment to Establish a safe system of work
Q) What is the last thing you should do before alighting from a car top through open landing doors when the car-top control is within 1 metre of the landing threshold ? A) ↔ Ensure that the car-top STOP BUTTON is set to “ STOP” and the car-top COTROL REMAINS set to “ TEST “ <<<<<<
Q) if the landing doors are to be open while work goes on in the lift pit. What precaution must you take ? A) ↔ Erect a barrier and secure it in front of the landing doors
Q) it is essential that an authorised person working alone does which TWO of the following ? :-
A) 1 ↔ Before starting work . registers their presence with the SITE REPRESENTATIVE
A) 2 ↔ Establishes suitable arrangements to ensure the monitoring of their well being
* Ensures their time sheet is accurate and countersigned
* Notifies the site manager of the details of the work
* Ensures that the lift pit is free from water and debris
Q) Before accessing the car top of an operating lift . what is the first thing to do after opening the landing doors ? A) ↔ Make sure the lift has STOPPED
Q) Which of the following types of fire extinguisher should NOT be used if a fire occurs in a lift or escalator controller ? A) ↔ WATER
Q) When you gain access to a car top , you should test that the car-top stop switch operates correctly by ? A) ↔ Trying to move the car in the DOWN DIRECTION
Q) When using authorised lifting tackle marked with its safe working load . which statement is true ? :-
A) ↔ Never exceed the safe working load
* The safe working load is only guidance
* Halve the safe working load if the equipment is damaged
* Double the safe working load if people are to be lifted
Q) What checks do you need to carry out before using lifting equipment ? A) ↔ Check that it is free from defects and has a current inspection certificate
Q) What should you do if the lifting tackle you are about to use is defective ? A) ↔ Do Not Use it and inform your supervisor
Q) Who is permitted to undertake the safe release of Trapped Passengers ? A) ↔ Only a Trained and Authorised Person
Q) if landing doors are Not fitted to a lift on a Construction Site . what is the Minimum height of the barrier that must be fitted instead ? A) ↔ 950mm
Q) what is the main cause of injury and absence to employees within the lift and escalator industry ? A) ↔ Manual Handling
Q) A set of chain blocks has been delivered to site with a certificate stating they were inspected by a competent person a month before . The hook is obviously damaged . What action do you take ? A) ↔ Do Not use the blocks and inform your supervisor
Q) Following the initial inspection . how often should a scaffold in a lift shaft be inspected by a competent person ? A) ↔ At least every 7 Days
Q) What should be fitted to the main sheave and diverter to prevent injury from rotating equipment ? A) ↔ Guards
Q) When working on Electrical Lift-Control Equipment . what are the appropriate tools and equipment ? A) ↔ Insulated tools and an Insulating Mat
Q) When installing a partially enclosed or observation lift . what safe system of work can you use to prevent injury to people below ? A) ↔ Secure tools to prevent them failing off
Q) what method of storing oil cans or drums must be used to prevent any leakage ? A) ↔ in a bunded enclose
Q) What needs to be checked before any welding or cutting takes place in the lift installation ? A) ↔ if a “ Hot Work “ permit or permit to work is required
Q) Rings , bracelets , wrist watches , necklaces etc. must not be worn : A) ↔ when working near or on electrical or moving equipment
Q) When using Arc-Welding Equipment you must take precautions . which TWO of the following are potential hazards when using this equipment ?
A) 1 ↔ Fire from hot spent electrodes
A) 2 ↔ Arc flash to people working close to the welding point
* Noise
* Incompatible materials’
* Extended exposure to infrared light
Q) if the trap-door or hatch has to be left open while you work in the machine room . what must you ensure ? A) ↔ That a barrier is put in place
Q) To prevent unauthorised access to unoccupied access to unoccupied machine equipment space . what must you ensure ? A) ↔ That the access door is locked

Q) When working in the pit . the lift should be positioned towards the top of the shaft unless : A) ↔ work needs to be done on the underside of the lift
Q) what should be applied to the main isolator of a traction lift to prevent accidental starting ? A) ↔Lock out device
Q) what is the correct method of disposal for used or contaminated oil ? A) ↔ Through a registered waste process
Q) who is responsible for the keys when a padlock has been applied to a lock-out device ? A) ↔ The individual applying the lock
Q) if work is to be done on electrical lift equipment . and the main isolator does not have a lock-out device . what is an alternative method of isolating the supply ? A) ↔ Withdraw and retain the fuse and fix notices warning that the machinery is being worked on ****

( Guidance Note assists people at workplaces to develop safe isolation procedures to reduce the risk of injury while plant is being inspected, repaired, maintained, assessed, adjusted or cleaned )

If isolation is not practicable ( very rare )
Written safety procedures must be developed in consultation with relevant health and safety representatives, ( A Must ) ←←

Isolation procedure basics
Isolation procedures in each workplace may vary in detail because of differences in plant, power sources, hazards and processes. However, an isolation procedure should include the following basic steps in every case.

1) Shut the plant down
2) Identify all energy sources and other hazards
3) Identify all isolation points
4) Isolate all energy sources
5) De-energise all stored energies
6) Locking out all isolation points
7) Tag plant controls, energy sources and other hazards
8) Test by “trying” to re-activate the plant, without exposing the tester or others to risk. This ensures that the isolation procedures are effective and all stored energies have been dissipated.
Identify all isolation points
All plant of a type that could require an isolation procedure should be designed with appropriate isolation points for all energy sources to enable work on the plant to be carried out safely.

Q) The main contractor wants to use the unfinished lift to move some equipment to an upper floor . What should you do ? A↔ Refer him to your supervisor
Q) What is required on each landing of a new lift shaft before entrances and doors are fitted ? A↔ Substantial secure barrier to prevent falls
Q) to prevent injury from an overspeed governor what is fitted ? A↔ A Guard
Q) when handling stainless steel car panels . which of the following items of personal protective equipment should you wear in addition to safety footwear ? A↔ Rigger Gloves
Q) at what stage in the installation of a lift should guarding be fitted to the lift machine ? A↔ Before the machine can be operated
Q) before gaining access into the escalator or passenger conveyor . it is essential that : A↔ the mains switch is LOCKED and Tagged out
Q) what is secured at the entry/exit points of an escalator/passenger conveyor to prevent people falling into the machine or machine space ? A↔ Safety barriers
Q) what must you do before moving the steps or pallet band of an escalator or passenger conveyor ? A↔ capable of being locked and be marked with the appropriate safety sign .

 

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Electrical Safety On Site

Q) on building sits . the recommended safe voltage for electrical equipment is ? A) ↔ 110 Volts
Q) it is safe to work close to an overhead power line if ? A) ↔ The power is switched OFF
Q) You are using a 230V item of equipment when the fuse blows . what is the first thing you should do ? A) ↔ Check for obvious damage
Q) When do you need to check electrical hand tools for damage ? A) ↔ Before you use it
Q) You need use an extension cable . What TWO things must you do ? A) 1 ↔ Uncoil the whole cable A) 2 ↔ Check the whole cable for damage
Q) You should use an Residual Current Device with 230V tools because ? A) ↔ it quickly cuts off the power if there is a Fault
Q) The colour of a 110V power cable and connector should be ? A) ↔ yellow
Q) You are using an electric drill when it cuts out . you should ? A) ↔ Switch off the power and look for signs of damage
Q) There is smoke coming from the motor of your electric drill . you should ? A) ↔unplug the drill and see that no one else uses it
Q) you need to run an electrical cable across an area used by vehicles what TWO things should you do ? A) 1 ↔ Cover the cable with a protection ramp : A) 2 ↔ Put up a sign that says “ Ramp Ahead “
Q) You need to work near an electrical cable . The cable has bare wires .What should you do ? A) ↔ Tell your supervisor and keep well away
Q) if an extension cable has a cut in its outer cover . you should ? A) ↔ Report the fault and make sure no one else uses the cable
Q) What is the best way to protect an extension cable while you work ? A) ↔ Run the cable above head height
Q) How do you check if the Residual Current Device connected to a power tool is working ? A) ↔ Press the test button on the Residual Current Device Unit
Q) if you see burn marks on the casting of an electric drill . it means the drill has ? A) ↔ Had an Electrical Fault
Q) You need to use a 230V item of equipment . How should you protect yourself from an electric shock ? A) ↔ Use a portable Residual Current Device
Q) The PAT test label on a power tool tell you ? A) ↔When the next safety check is due
Q) The temporary 110V electrical distribution box you want to use is too far away . What should you do ? A) ↔ Ask the supervisor to arrange for it to be moved
Q) Why should you try to use batter-powered tools rather than electrical ones ? A) ↔ They will not give you an electric shock
Q) Why do building sites use a 110V electricity supply instead of the usual 230V domestic supply ? A) ↔ it is Less likely to kill you
Q) if you need to use a power tool in a waterlogged part of the site . it is safest to ? A) ↔ Use an Air-Power Tool if possible ↔↔ Remember this One ******* they like to use it

Fire Prevention and Control :

Q) How does this Type of Extinguisher put out Fires : ( Sign Text - Red / Black - Co2
A) ↔ it keeps Out Oxygen . ←←←←←
** Co2 safe for use On flammable liquid fires safe for use on Electrical Fires * Do Not Use on Wood . Paper . Textiles . etc. )

Q) This Fire Extinguisher Contains : ( Red ) ↔ Class A Fires Only
A) ↔ Water ←←←←←
Water Safe for Use on Wood . Paper . Textiles . etc :- * Do Not Use On Electrical Equipment * Do Not Use On Flammable Liquid Fires
* Do Not Use On Flammable Metal Fires

Q) You need to work in a Corridor that is a Fire Escape Route . You must see that ? A) ↔ Your tools and Equipment do Not block the Route .
Q) A Fire Assembly Point is the Place Where : A) ↔ People must go when the Fire Alarm Sounds

** Q) To put Out an Oil Fire . You must NOT Use .: A) ↔ Water
( To have a Fire you Need ( 3 ) Elements ( Ignition . Fuel and Oxygen ) if you take any of the Three Elements away the Fire will Go Out .
( Because Water is Heavier than these Substance the Water Sinks Down and Allows the Flamable to Spread Rapidly . As the Water Boils the Steam Vaporizes the Flamable and Makes it Flare Up Violently
( Oil and Petrol Floats on Water so it Would be Pointless )

Why does Water Not Put an Oil Fire !!!!
Oil is Lighter than Water , which Means that if you Combine the Two . The Oil will Float . By the Same Token . if you Try to Put Out an Oil Fire with Water . The Burning Oil will merely Float on Top of the Water and Spread

Q) This Fire Extinguisher Contains : ( Sign Text - Red / Black ) : A) ↔ Carbon Dioxide ( Co2 ) ↔ Class B Fires
Q) When you Use a Carbon Dioxide ( Co2 ) Fire Extinguisher . the Nozzle gets ? : A) ↔ Very Cold

** Q) A Hot Work Permit lets you : A) ↔ Carry Out Work that could start a Fire .
( Hot Work Permit ) Insurer’s / Surveyor’s often ask for a System of Hot - Work – Permit to be Placed at Premises so that Simple Precautions are taken by Any Contractor on your Site who is Using a Heat Process . This Permit is Self-Explanatory and Requires the Contactor to Confirm that he has a Safe System of Working. It also Enables those Responsible for the Safe to Monitor any Extra-Risky Process being Undertaken . it is Not Only Best Practice to Use this System . it is Safe Practice
( Final Check Up )
Work Area and all Adjacent Areas to which Sparks and Feat might have spread ( Including Floors Above and Below and on the Other Side of Walls .
Were Inspected ( 30 ) & ( 60 ) Minutes after the Work was Completed and were Found Firesafe .

Q) Which TWO Extinguishers can be Used on Electrical Fires ? : A) 1 ↔ ( Sign Text - Red / Blue . Power : A) 2 ↔ ( Sign Text - Red / Black . Co2
Q) if your Job needs a Hot-Work Permit . What Two things would you Expect to have to Do ? : A) 1 ↔ Have a Fire Extinguisher Close to the Work .
A) 2 ↔ Check for Signs of Fire when you Stop Work
Q) Look at these Jobs . Which TWO are likely to need a Hot-Work Permit :-
A) 1 ↔ Cutting Steel with an Angle Grinder
A) 2 ↔ Soldering Pipework in a Central Heating System
Q) All Fires Need Heat . Fuel and ? : A) ↔ Oxygen

** Q) Which Two Extinguishers are Best for Putting Out Oil Fires ? : A) 1 ↔ Foam Spray : A) 2 ↔ Dry Power :
( Sign Text - Red / Blue ) Dry Power :
Dry Power : Safe for Use on Wood . Paper . Textiles . etc .
* Safe for Use On Flammable Liquid Fires .
* Fire Safe for Use On Gaseous Fires .
* Fire Safe for Use On Electrical Fires .

( Sign Text - Red / Cream ↔ Class A & Class B Fires
Foam Spray ( AFFF )
* Safe for Use On Wood . Paper . Textiles . etc .
* Safe for Use On Flammable Liquid Fires .
- Do Not Use On Live Electrical Equipment . <<<
- Do Not Use On Flammable Metal Fires . <<<

>> ( Wet Chemical Extinguisher : ( Sign Text - Red / Yellow ) ↔ Class F
wet chemical extinguisher is designed for one single job. “ No Other Extinguisher “should be used in a commercial kitchen with cooking ( Oil and Fat ) Manufactured to BS 7937,
this one is made from stainless steel unlike the cheap Middle East imports so there will be no problems with rotting linings

** ( with the exception of green Halon extinguishers, which are Now Illegal )

** All fire extinguishers should be visible with their labels clearly showing, and preferably positioned so
that their carrying handle is 1 metre from floor level.

Q) if you Discover a Large Fire , the FIRST thing you should Do is ? : A) ↔ Raise the Alarm
Q) if you hear the Fire Alarm , you should Go to ? : A) ↔ The Assembly Point
Q) This Extinguisher can be Used to put Out ? ( Red ) ↔ Class A Fires Only : A) ↔ Wood Fires .
Q) A large Fire has been reported . You have NOT been trained to Use Fire Extinguishers . You should ? : A) ↔ Go straight to the Assembly Point
Q) This Extinguisher must NOT be Used On ? : ( Red ) : !!! Water !!! A) ↔ Electrical Fires .

 

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Working at Height :

Q) Who should erect . dismantle or alter a tube and fitting scaffold ? : A) ↔ Anyone who s Competent and Authorised
Q) it is Safe to cross a Fragile Roof if you ? : A) ↔ Use Crawling Boards
Q) You are working on a Flat Roof . What is the BEST way to stop yourself falling over the Edge ? : A) ↔ Protect the Edge with a Guard-Rail and Toe-Board
Q) A ladder should NOT be painted because ? : A) ↔ The paint may hide any Damaged Parts
Q) How many people should be on a ladder at the same time ? : A) ↔ One
Q) You find a ladder that is Damaged . What should you do ? : A) ↔ Don’t use it and make sure that others know about the damage
Q) You need to Use a ladder to reach a Work platform . What should be the Slope or Angle of the ladder ? : A) ↔ 75°
Q) You need to stack materials on a scaffold platform . What is the BEST way to stop them falling over the Toe-Board : A) ↔ Fit brick guards
Q) A scaffold guard-rail must be removed to allow materials to be lifted onto the platform . You are not a scaffolder . Can you remove the guard-rail ? : A) ↔ No , only a scaffolder can remove the guard-rail and put it back
Q) Who should check a ladder before it is used ? : A) ↔ The person who is going to use it
Q) What is the BEST way to make sure that a ladder is secure and won’t slip ? : A) ↔ Tie it at the Top
Q) You are working above water and there is a risk of falling . Which TWO items of Personal Protective Equipment do you need ? : A) 1 ↔ Harness and Lanyard : A) 2 ↔ Life Jacket
Q) You need to use a ladder to get to a scaffold platform . Which of these statements is TRUE ? : A) ↔ it must be tied and extend above five rungs above the platform
Q) Tools and material can . easily fall from a scaffold platform . What is the BEST way to protect the people below ? : A) ↔ Use brickguards to stop any items falling below
Q) When can you use a ladder as a place of WORK ? : A) ↔ if you are doing light work for a short time
Q) You need to work at height . it is not possible to install edge protection or a soft landing system . What should you do ? : A) ↔ Wear a harness and lanyard and fix it to an anchor point
Q) What is the BEST way to stop people falling through fragile roof panels ? : A) ↔ Cover the panels with something that can take the weight of a person
Q) You need to use a mobile tower scaffold . The wheel brakes do not work . What should you do ? : A) ↔ Do not use the tower
Q) When you climb a ladder . you must ? : A) ↔ Have three-points of contact with the ladder at all times
Q) if you store materials on a working platform . you must make sure ? :-
* the materials are secure . even in windy weather
* the platform can take the weight of the materials
* the materials do not make the platform unsafe for others
: A) ↔ All of the other answers
Q) You need to reach the working platform of a mobile tower scaffold . What is the right way to do this ? : A) ↔ Climb up the ladder built into the tower
Q) A mobile tower scaffold must NOT be used on ? : A) ↔ Soft or uneven ground
Q) You are working at height when you could fall from ? : A) ↔ any height that would cause an injury if you fell

General Responsibilities : “ On Site “

Q) Who is responsible for reporting any Unsafe Conditions on Site ? : A) ↔ Everyone on Site
Q) A Risk Assessment tells you ? : A) ↔ How to do the Job Safely
Q) During Site Induction . you do not Understand something the Presenter says . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Ask the Presenter to Explain the Point again
Q) How that work on Site is moving forward . the Safety Rules given in your Site Induction seem Out of Date . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Speak to your Supervisor about your Concerns
* >> Q) The Heath and Safety at Work Act places Legal Duties on ? : A) ↔ All People at Work
* >> Q) As an Employee . you Do Not have a Legal Duty to ? : A) ↔ Write your Own Risk Assessment
Q) You will often hear the Word HAZARD mentioned on Site and During Safety Talks . What does it Mean ? : A) ↔ Anything at Work that can harm you
* >> Q) Why is the Heath and Safety at Work Act important to you ? Give TWO Answers : A) 1 ↔ it Requires your Employer to Provide a Safe Place to Work A) 2 ↔ it Puts Legal Duties on you as an Employee .
Q) it is Important to see your Employer’s Heath and Safety Policy because it tells your ? : A) 1 ↔ How Heath and Safety is Managed
Q) You are using some Equipment . it has just been given a Prohibition Notice . What does this Mean ? : A) ↔ You Must Not Use it until it is Made Safe
Q) You are about to Start a Job . How will you know if it Needs a Permit to Work ? : A) ↔ You will Not be Allowed to Start Work Until the Permit to Work has been Issued

* >> Q) As an Employee, which of these is NOT your Duty Under the Heath and Safety at Work Act ? : A) ↔ To Write your Own Risk Assessment
- To Look after your Own Health and Safety ←
- To Look after the Health and Safety of Anyone else who Might be Affected by you Work ←
- Not to Interfere with Anything Provided for Health and Safety ←
Q) As an Employee, which of these is your Duty Under the Heath and Safety at Work Act ? ←

Q) You find that you Cannot Do a Job as the Method Statement says you should . What Do you Do ? : A) ↔ Do Not start work until you have talked with your Supervisor
Q) Why Do you Need to know the Health and Safety Regulations that deal with your Type of Work ? : A) ↔ They Place Legal Duties on you
Q) The whole Site has been Issued with a Prohibition Notice . What does this Mean to you ? : A) ↔ You Must Stop Work
Q) After Watching you Work . a Health and Safety Executive Inspector issues an Improvement Notice . What Does this Mean ? : A) ↔ You are Not Working in a Safe Way
Q) You have been Told that a Health and Safety Executive Inspector is On Site . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Carry On Working unless you are Asked to Stop
Q) Who is Responsible for Managing Health and Safety On Construction Sites ? : A) ↔ The Client
Q) if you Discover Children Playing On Site . What is the FIRST thing you should do ? : A) ↔ Make Sure the Children are taken to a Place of Safety
Q) What is a Toolbox Talk ? : A) ↔ A Short Training Session on a Particular Safety Topic
Q) When Should you Report Environmental Incidents and Near Misses ? : A) ↔ As Soon as Practical
Q) if you have any Rubbish or Leftover Materials at the End of the Job . you should : A) ↔ Put it in the Designated Waste Area
* >> Q) A Permit to Work Allows ? : A) ↔ Certain Jobs to be Carried Out Under Controlled Conditions

Specialist Test Questions :
If you are taking one of the Specialist Tests , you will be asked Questions from Section 1 – 15 Questions on one of the following Subjects

Accident Prevention and Reporting : “ On Site “

* >> Q) When must you Report an Accident in the Accident Book ? : A) ↔ if You are Injured in Any Way
Q) is Someone is Injured at Work . Who should Record it in the Accident Book ? : A) ↔ The Injured Person . or Someone Acting for them
Q) if you Cut your Finger and it Won’t Stop Bleeding . You should ? : A) ↔ Find a First-Aider or get Other Medical Help
Q) Why is it Important to Report all Accidents ? :-
* it Might Stop them Happening again
* Some Types of Accident have to be Reported to the Health and Safety Executive
* Details have to be Entered in the Accident Book
: A) ↔ All of the Other Answers
Q) Which of these does NOT have to be Recorded in the Accident Book ? : A) ↔ Your National Insurance Number
Q) A NEAR MISS is an Incident where ? : A) ↔ Someone Could have been Injured
Q) Why is it Important to Report all NEAR MISS Accidents ? : A) ↔ To Learn from them and Stop them Happening again
Q) A Scaffold has Collapsed and you saw it Happen . When you are Asked about the Accident , you should Say ? : A) ↔ Exactly what you Saw
Q) You must Remove Nails from Scrap Wood because ? : A) ↔ Someone could Stand on an Upright Nail and Injure their Foot
Q) You can Help Prevent Accidents by ? : A) ↔ Reporting Unsafe Working Conditions
Q) When are you MOST likely to have an Accident ? : A) ↔When you First Start on Site
Q) What is the MOST IMPORTANT reason for keeping your Work Area Clean and Tidy ? : A) ↔ To Prevent Slips . Trips and Falls
Q) Which Type of Accident KILLS the most Construction Workers ? : A) ↔ Falling from Height
* >> Q) if you have a MINOR Accident . Who should Report it ? : A) ↔ YOU
Q) The Work of another Contractor is Affecting your Safety . You should Stop Work and ? : A) ↔ Speak to your Supervisor

Q) Which of these will Help you Work Safety on Site ? :-
* Site Induction
* Toolbox Talks
* Risk Assessments and Method Statement
: A) ↔ All the Other Answers

Q) How would you Expect to find Out about Health and Safety Rules when you First Arrive on Site ? : A) ↔ During Site Induction
Q) if your Doctor says that you have Weil,s Disease . you will need to tell your Employer . Why ? : A) ↔ Your Employer will have to Report it to the Health and Safety Executive
Q) Why is it Important to Attend Site Induction ? : A) ↔ Site Health and Safety Rules will be Explained

 

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Heath and Welfare : “ On Site “

Q) Two kinds of Animal can Carry a Disease Called Leptospirosis in their Urine . Which TWO ? :-
* Cat
* Sheep
: A) 1 ↔ Rat
* Rabbit
: A) 2 ↔ Cow

Q) Look at these Statements about Illegal Drugs in the Workplace . Which one is TRUE ? : A) ↔ Users of illegal Drugs are a Danger to Everyone on Site
* >> Q) Direct Sunlight on Bare Skin can Cause ?
* Dermatitis
* Rickets
* Acne
: A) ↔ Skin Cancer

Q) You should Clean very Dirty Hands with ? : A) ↔ Soap and Water
Q) You need to Handle a Hazardous Substance . You should Wear the Correct Gloves to Help Stop ? : A) ↔ Skin Disease
Q) To Help keep Rats away . EVERYONE on Site should ? : A) ↔ Not Leave Scraps of Food Lying about

* >> Q) if you get a Hazardous Substance on your Hands . it can Pass from your Hands to your Mouth when you Eat Give TWO ways to Stop this ? :-
: A) 1↔ Wear Protective Gloves while you are Working
: A) 2 ↔ Wash your Hands before Eating
* Put Barrier Cream on your Hands before Eating
* Wear Protective Gloves then turn them Inside-Out before Eating
* Wash your Work Gloves then put them on again before Eating

Q) it is your First Day on Site . you find that there is Nowhere to Wash your Hands . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Speak to your Supervisor about the Problem
Q) What Sort of Rest Area should your Employer Provide on Site ? : A) ↔ A Covered Area . Tables and Chairs . and something to Heat Water
Q) What is the Minimum that should be Provided on Site for Washing your Hands ? : A) ↔ Hot / Cold Water ( or Warm Water ) Soap and a Way to Dry your Hands

Q) Your Doctor has given you some Medication . Which of these Questions is the MOST Important ? :-
: A) ↔ Will it make me Sleepy or Unsafe to Work ?
* Will I Work more Slowly ?
* Will my Supervisor find Out ?
* Will I Oversleep and be Late for Work ?

Q) You should NOT just relay on Barrier Cream to Protect your Skin from Harmful Substances because ? : A) ↔ Many Harmful Substances go Straight through it
Q) When should you use Barrier Cream ? : A) ↔ Before you Start Work
Q) Someone goes to the Pub at Lunchtime and has a Couple of Pints of Beer . What should they Do Next ? : A) ↔ Stay Away from the Site for the Rest of the Day
Q) Occupational Asthma is a Disease that can End your Working Life . IT Affects your ? : A) ↔ Breathing
Q) The Site Toilets do not Flush . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Tell your Supervisor about the Problem
Q) The Toilets on your Site are Always Dirty . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Make Sure that you Tell Someone who can Sort it Out
* >> Q) You are more Likely to Catch Weil,s Disease ( Leptospirosis ) if you ? : A) ↔ Work Near Wet Ground . Waterways or Sewers
Q) Exposure to Engine Oil and Other Mineral Oils can Cause ? : A) ↔ Skin / Problems
Q) You can get Occupational Dermatitis from ? : A) ↔ Some Type of Strong Chemical
Q) There are Many Kinds of Dust at Work . Breathing them for a Long Time can Cause ? : A) ↔ Occupational Asthma
Q) You can Catch an Infection called Tetanus from Contaminated Land or Water . How does it Get into your Body ? : A) ↔ Through an Open Cut in your Skin
* >> Q) You should NOT use White Spirit or Other Solvents to Clean your Hands because ? : A) ↔ They Strip the Protective Oils from the Skin
* >> Q) The Early Signs of Weil,s Disease ( Leptospirosis ) can be Easily Confused with ? : A) ↔ Influenza ( flu )
Q) Exposure to which of the Following may Not Result in Lung Disease ? : A) ↔ Steam
Q) Pigeons Droppings and Nets are found in an Area where you are Required to Work . You should ? : A) ↔ Stop Work and Seek Advice

More and More Clients are Insisting that Contractors Employ only Staff Registered with the Construction Skill Certification Scheme ( CSCS )
If they Want to Tender for Contracts .

; The Time is Coming When you “ Will NOT “ be Able to Get a Job without a Card ←←←
Construction Skill Certification Scheme ( CSCS )
Remember !!!! These Q/As will Get you By ( it is Not Over till the Fat Lady Sing )

 

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Q) A Hot Work Permit lets you : A) ↔ Carry Out Work that could start a Fire . ( Please Read )

( Hot Work Permit ) Insurer’s / Surveyor’s often ask for a System of Hot - Work – Permit to be Placed at Premises so that Simple Precautions are taken by Any Contractor on your Site who is Using a Heat Process . This Permit is Self-Explanatory and Requires the Contactor to Confirm that he has a Safe System of Working. It also Enables those Responsible for the Safe to Monitor any Extra-Risky Process being Undertaken . it is Not Only Best Practice to Use this System . it is Safe Practice

( Final Check Up )
Work Area and all Adjacent Areas to which Sparks and Feat might have spread ( Including Floors Above and Below and on the Other Side of Walls .
Were Inspected ( 30 ) & ( 60 ) Minutes after the Work was Completed and were Found Firesafe .

Manual Handling : “ On Site “

Q) To Lift a Load . you should always try to ? : A) ↔ Divide Large Loads into Smaller Loads
Q) You need to Lift a Load from the Floor . You should Stand with Your ? : A) ↔ Feet Slightly Apart . Knees Bent
Q) You have Been Told how to Lift a Heavy Load . But you think there is a Better Way to Do it . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Discuss your Idea with your Supervisor
Q) To Lift a Load Safety . you Need to Think About ? : A) ↔ All of the Other Answers :-
* Its Size and Condition
* Its Weight
* Whether it has Handholds

Q) When you Lift a Load Manually . you Must ? : A) ↔ Keep your Back Straight and Use the Strength in your Leg Muscles to Lift
Q) You are Using a Wheelbarrow to Move a Heavy Load . is this Manual Handling ? : A) ↔ Yes . you are Still Manually Handling the Load
Q) You are Using a Trolley to Move a Heavy Load . The Trolley Loses a Wheel . You still have a Long Way to Go . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Find Another Way to Move the Load
Q) You Need to Move a Heavy Load Over a Long Distance . What is the Safest Way to Do it ? : A) ↔ Use a Wheelbarrow or Trolley
Q) You New Job Involves some Manual Handling . An old Injury Means that you have a Weak Back . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Tell your Supervisor that Lifting Might be a Problem
Q) if you have to Twist or Turn your Body when you Lift and Place a Load . it Means ? : A) ↔ The Weight you Can Lift Safely is Less than Usual
Q) You have to Move a Load that Might be too Heavy for you . You Cannot Divide it into Smaller Parts and there is No One to Help you . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Do Not Move the Load Until you have Found a Safe Method

* >> Q) You need to Move a Load that Might be too Heavy for you . What should you Do ? :-
A) ↔ All of the Other Answers
* Divide the Load into Smaller Loads if Possible
* Get Someone to Help you
* Use an Aid . such as a Trolley or Wheelbarrow

Q)You have to Lift a Heavy Load . What Must your Employer Do ? A) ↔ Do a Risk Assessment of the Task
Q) if you Wear a Black Support Belt ? : A) ↔ it Will Crush your Backbone and Damage it
Q) You need to Lift a Load that is Not Heavy . but it is so Big that you Cannot see in Front of you . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Ask Someone to Help Carry the Load so that you can Both See Ahead
Q) You need to Move a Load that is Heavier on One Side than the Other . How should you Pick it Up ? : A) ↔ With the Heavy Side Towards you
Q) Someone is Going to Help you to Lift a Load . it is Important that BOTH of you ? : A) ↔ Are about the Same Size and Can Lift the Same Weight
Q)You have to Move a Load While you are Sitting . Not Standing . How much Can you Lift Safely ? : A) ↔ Less than Usual

Q)You Need to Reach above your Head and Lower a Load to the Floor . Which of these is NOT True ?
* It will be more difficult to keep your back straight and chin tucked in
* you will put extra stress on your arms and your back
* The load will be more difficult to control
: A) ↔ You Can Safely Handle more Weight than Usual

Q) Which Part of the Body is Most Likely to be Injured if you Lift Heavy Loads ? : A) ↔ Your Back
Q) Who should Decide what Weight you Can Lift Safely ? : A) ↔ YOU
Q) What is the Safest Way to Find Out if a Load is too Heavy to Lift ? : A) ↔ Find Out the Weight of the Load
Q) You have to Carry a Load Down a Steep Slope . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Assess Whether you Can Still Carry the Load Safely
Q) Under the Regulations for Manual Handling . ALL Employees Must ? : A) ↔ Make Full Use of their Employer’s Safe Systems of Work

Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE )

Q)You must Wear Head Protection on Site AT ALL TIMES UNLESS you are ? : A) ↔ in a Safe Area . Like the Site Office
Q)Your Employer MUST Supply you with Personal Protective Equipment ? : A) ↔ if you need to be Protected
Q) Do you have to Pay for Any Personal Protective Equipment you Need ? : A) ↔ No , Your Employer Must Pay for it
Q) When should you wear Safety Boots or Safety Shoes on Site ? : A) ↔ All the Time
Q) Who should Provide you with Any Personal Protective Equipment you Need ? : A) ↔ Your Employer
Q) if your Personal Protective Equipment gets Damaged , you should ? : A) ↔ Stop what you are Doing Until it is Replaced

Q) Look at these Statement about Wearing a Safety Helmet in HOT Weather . Which one is TRUE ? :-
* You can drill holes in it to keep your head cool
* You can wear it back-to-front if it is more comfortable that way
* You must take it off during the hottest part of the day
: A) ↔ You must wear it at all times and in the right way

Q) You have to work outdoors in bad weather . Your employer should supply you with Waterproof Clothing because ? : A) ↔ you are less likely to get Muscle Strains if you are Warm and Dry
Q) When do you need to wear EYE Protection ? : A) ↔ if there is a risk of Eye Injury
Q) if there is a Risk of Materials Flying into your Eyes . you should Wear ? ? : A) ↔ Impact-Resistant-Goggles

Q) Look at these Statements about Personal Protective Equipment . Which one is NOT TRUE ?
: A) ↔ You must pay for any damage or loss
* You must store it correctly when you are not using it
* You must report any damage or loss to your supervisor
* You must use it as instructed

Q) Do ALL type of glove protect your hands against chemicals ? : A) ↔ NO . different types of glove protect against different types of hazard
Q) if you drop your Safety Helmet from Height on to a Hard Surface . You should ? : A) ↔ Stop Work and get a New Safety Helmet
Q) You need to wear a full body Harness . You have never used one before . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Ask for Expert Advice and Training
Q) You need Special Respiratory Protective Equipment to Handle a Chemical . NONE has been provided What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Do Not Start Work Until you have been given the Correct Respiratory Protective Equipment Training
Q) You have been given a DUST MASK to protect you against Hazardous Fumes . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Do Not Start Work Until you have the Correct Respiratory Protective Equipment

Q) Look at these Statements about Anti-Vibration Gloves . Which ONE is TRUE ? :- ( Big One on -&-s on Anti-Vibration Gloves ) ←←←
: A) ↔ They might not protect you against Vibration
* They cut out all Hand-Arm Vibration
* They only work against low Frequency Vibration
* They give the most protection if they are worn over other gloves

Q)You are about to start a Job .How will you know if you need any Extra Personal Protective Equipment ? : A) ↔ From the Risk Assessment or Method Statement
Q) You have been given Disposable Ear-Plugs to Use . But they keep falling Out . What should you Do ? : A) ↔ Stop Work Untill you get more Suitable Ones and are Shown how to Fit them

Class 111 : PT

Class 111 ) Equipment relies for Protection against Electric Shock on Supply from a ( SELV )Source
( SELV ) is Separated Extra-Low Voltage . However , ( SELV ) is described as Safety Extra-Low Voltage in Appliance Standards e.g. BS-EN 60335. and Separated Extra-Low Voltage . in Installation Standards e.g. BS-7671

( Remember ) ↔ SELV source will NOT Exceed ↔ ( 50V d.c. ) ↔ and in many Installations will be required to be below ↔ ( 24V or 12V . SELV ) ↔ Systems require Specialist Design and it is a Requirement that there is NO EARTH FACILITY in the Distribution of a ( SELV ) Circuit or on the Appliance or Equipment .

Class 111 Equipment is Required to be Supplied from a Safety Isolating Transformer to BS EN 60742 or BS EN 61558-2-6 .

The Output Winding of the Safety Isolating Transformer is Electrically Separated from the Input Winding by Insulation at Least Equivalent to Double Insulation or Reinforced Insulation
( the Identification Mark for a Safety Isolating for a Safety Isolating Transformer is Marked on it )

Class 111 Equipment May be Encountered as ( SELV ) Lighting for Shops and Offices .

Definitions ↔ with PT you still have to work within the Regulations of BS 7671 > P/21 Look it up Class 111 .

Class II equipment has an identifying mark in the shape of ( Two Squares, one Inside the Other )

Class I equipment with internal electronic components should be tested with a current not greater than:
( 200mA )