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Not on any RCD I can recall. Test button connects a resistor between one pole on the input side and one of the other poles on the output side, creating a 30mA or so difference (on a 30mA RCD) between whatever current is flowing through those two poles.
No earth connection involved.
you may well be correct but I have known some rcbo's to not trip when the flylead is disconnected.
 
Possibly an extra test built in to ensure that the earth lead is connected, but not since the days of the old voltage operated earth leakage detectors (yes, I am that old), has there been a requirement for a current to flow in the cpc for said breaker to operate. RCDs detect a difference in the sum of the currents flowing through its poles. The sum should be zero, but if exceeds 30mA, then off it should trip.
 

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RCD test button
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Lesly1,
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