Re-take - Useful Information for 2394 :

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Certification and Reporting : 15[SUP]th[/SUP] / 16[SUP]th[/SUP]

743: Alterations and Additions .
743-01-01. The requirements of section 742 for the issue of a Completion and Inspection-Certificate shall apply toall the work of the alterations or additions , Any defects oromissions-revealed in that work shall be made good before a Completion-Report is issued .

The Contractor or other person responsible for the new-work , ora person authorised to act on his behalf , shall report in writing , to theperson-ordering the work any defects found in related-parts of theexisting-installation .

633: Alterations and Additions . 2011:
633.1: The requirements of Section 631 and632 for the issue of an , Electrical-Installation-Certificate or a Minor-Electrical-Installation-Works-Certificate shall apply to all the work of the ,additions or a alterations .

633.2: The contractor or other-person responsible for new-work or a personauthorised to act on his behalf , shall record on the , Electrical-Installation-Certificate or the Minor-Electrical-Installation-Works-certificate, any defects found , so far is reasonably-practicable , in theexisting-installation .

 

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15[SUP]th[/SUP]/ 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92
713-02: Continuity of protective-conductors .
713-02-01: Every protective-conductor shall betested to verify that it is electrically-soundand correctly connected .

713-03: Continuity ofring-final-circuit-conductors
713-03-01: A test shall be made to verify the continuity of each-conductor includingthe protective-conductor . of every-ring-final-circuit .

713-04: Insulation-résistance .
713-04-01: The insulation-résistance between live-conductors shall be measured , before the installation is connectedto the supply .

713-04-02: Particular attention shall be given to the presence of electronic-devicesconnected in the installation and , where necessary , such devices shall be isolatedso that they are not damaged by the test-voltage and thereafter tested inaccordance with regulation - 713-04-06 .

713-04-03: The insulation-résistance measured with the d.c.test-voltages indicated in table - 71A shall be considered satisfactory if the , main-switchboard , and eachdistribution-circuit tested separately with all it’s final-circuits connectedbut with current-using-equipment disconnected , has an insulation-résistancenot less than the appropriate value given in Table - 71A

BS-7671:2008:2011:
612.2.: Continuity of conductors .
612.2.1.: Continuity of protective-conductors , including main & supplementary-equipotential-bonding.
A continuity test shall be made , it isrecommended that the test be carried out with a supply having a no-load voltagebetween 4V and 24V d.c. or a.c. Etc

612.2.2.: Continuity ofring-final-circuit-conductors
A test shall be made to verify the continuityof each-conductor including the protective-conductor . ofevery-ring-final-circuit .

612.3: Insulation-résistance
612.3.1: The insulation-résistance shall bemeasured , between live-conductors and between live-conductors and the protective-conductors connected to theearthing-arrangement , where appropriate during this measurement , line andneutral-conductors may be connected-together .

612.3.2: The insulation-résistance measured with the test-voltages indicated in Table- 61 , shall be considered satisfactoryif the main-switchboard and eachdistribution circuit tested separately , with all its final-circuits connectedbut with current-using-equipmentdisconnected , has an insulation-résistance not less than the appropriate-valuegiven in Table 61 .

711: Initial-Verification : 15[SUP]th[/SUP]/ 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92
Every installation shall . during erectionand/or on completion before being put into service be inspected and tested toverify , so far as is reasonably-practicable , that the requirements ofregulations have been met .

The method of test shall be such that nodanger to persons , livestock or property or damage to equipment can occur evenif the circuit tested is defective .

BS-7671:2008:2011:
610.1.: Every installation shall . during erection and oncompletion before being put into service be inspected and tested to verify , sofar as is reasonably-practicable , that the requirements of regulations havebeen met .

Precautions shall be taken to avoid , danger topersons , and livestock , and to avoid damage to property andinstalled-equipment , during inspection and testing .

Past to Present . 15[SUP]th[/SUP] / 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92 . BS-7671:208:2011: We have came a long way since then . “ Not in WAGES but Regulations “ Yeah

314: Installation Circuit Arrangement
314-01-01: Every installation shall be dived intocircuits as necessary to :

i) avoid danger in the event of a fault . and
ii) Facilitate safe operation . inspection . testing. and maintenance .

Look in 314.2. Now - 314-01-02A separate circuit shall be provided foreach-part of the installation which needs to be separately controlled forcompliance with the regulations orotherwise to prevent danger . so that such circuits remain energised in theevent of failure of any other circuit of the installation , and due accountshall be taken of the consequences of the operation of anysingle-protective-device .

Look in 314.3. - 314-01-03: The number of final-circuits required , and the number of points suppliedby any final-circuit , shall be such as to facilitate compliance with therequirements of chapter 43 for overcurrent-protection , chapter 46 forisolation and switching and chapter 52 as regards current-carrying-capacities of conductors .

Look in 314.4. - 314-01-04 : Where an installation comprises more than one-final-circuit , each final circuit shallbe connected to a separate-way in the distribution-board , the wiring of eachfinal-circuit shall be electrically separate from that of every other final-circuit , so as to prevent theindirect-energising of a final-circuit intended to be isolated . RCDs have a field-day now .

 

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For Our Younger Members .

Fig 2.1. p/ 37 .
Example of Earthing-Arrangementsand Protective-conductors . Chapter 54 .

Firstly: Protective-conductors - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
1) Circuit-protective-conductor
2) Main-protective-bonding-conductor ….. ( Equ-ipotenti-al-bonding) Equal-potential
3) Earthing-conductor
4) Supplementary-protective-bonding-conductor ( where required )

B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET )
M) Exposed-conductive-part ….. Conductive-part of equipment whichcan be .
C) Extraneous-conductive-part ….. Conductive-part liable to introduce a potential
P) Metallic-water-pipe . ( extraneous-conductive-parts )
T) Earth-electrode ( TT and IT systems )
E) Other means of earthing ( TN systems )

B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET )
1) Circuit-protective-conductor - going to Exposed-conductive-parts ( M )

2) Main-protective-bonding-conductor .
B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET ) 2 - Main-protective-bonding-conductor. main-metallic-water-pipe ….. ( making me. Extraneous-conductive-parts)

3) Earthing-conductor . ( B ) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET ) E) Other means of earthing ( TN systems ) T) Earth-electrode ( TT and IT systems )

4) Supplementary-protective-bonding-conductor (where required ) can be ?? ( M ) Exposed-conductive-part to Exposed-conductive-part or
Exposed-conductive-part (C ) Extraneous-conductive-parts . Structural-steelwork .

Protective-conductor ( PE )
Aconductor used for some measures of protection against electric-shock andintended for connecting together any ofthe following-parts . p/32
i) Exposed-conductive-part(s)
ii) Extraneous-conductive-part(s)
iii) Earthing-conductor .
iv) Earth-electrode(s) ….. ( s ) making me , one or more Rods . Etc
v) The earthed-point of the source . or an artificial-neutral .

i) Exposed-conductive-part(s) p/27
Exposed-conductive-part. Conductive-part of equipment which can be
- Touched and which is not normally-live. But
- Which can become live under-fault-conditions.

ii) Extraneous-conductive-part(s) p/28
Extraneous-conductive-part. a conductive-part liable to introduce a potential.generally earth-potential . and
Not forming part of the electrical-installation .

iii) Earthing-conductor. p/27
Earthing-conductor. A protective-conductor connecting the, main-earthing-terminal of an installation to an earth-electrode or toother means of earthing . Etc .

 

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Whenchecking Polarity withtest-probes the voltage-indication on a single-phase socket-outlet should be
L- N 230V , L - E 230V , N - E 230V .
L- N 230V , L - E 0V , N - E 230V .
L- N 0V , L - E 230V , N - E 0V .
L - N 230V , L - E 230V , N - E 0V.

Some of the essential and optional-information required on the ,Electrical-Installation-Certificate and ,Minor-Electrical-Installation-work-Certificate is
Number of rooms . type of lighting ,outdoor-supplies
Floor-area, separate-building , number of floors
Mean of earthing . main-protective-conductors and supply-characteristics
Name of sub-contractor , invoice , contact-number

Electrical-Installation-Certificaterequired for replacing a light-fitting would be .
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate and aschedule of test-results
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate and aschedule of Inspections and a schedule of test-results
No Certificate required

Before carrying out anInsulation-résistance-test
Carry out verification of voltage-drop
Ensure supply is switched on
Contact local-authority-building-control
Safely-isolate and consider electronic-components andvoltage-sensitive-equipment

 

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Part-P does Not apply to ?
Lifts
Land associated with a building
Share amenities in blocks of flats
Greenhouses

In which of the following would you find therequirements for the building-design , construction and management for building-regulations ?
Schedule 1
Schedule 2
Approved-document A
Approved-document B

Who is ultimately responsible forcompliance with the building-regulations .
The-building-control-officer
The-architect
The-person doing the building-work
Responsibility is shared between the local-authority and the part-governing-body

Which of the following is not a requirement of Part-E .
Parts of the same-building
Adjoining-buildings
External-sources
Excessive-reverberation from common-areas

Linked to L1 for energy-conservation ,which of the following is the best way of control on a heating-system .
Thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock and thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock only
Night-storage-heaters

Which approved-document is related to the installation of smoke and fire-alarms .
B
L
A
M

On a notifiable-electrical-installation , the person ordering the work isissued with a building-regulation-certificate and relative-certificate , whatpaper-work do you send to the governing-body
The building-regulations-certificate
The power-regulations-certificate
The BS-7671:2008:2011 certificate
A formal-letter confirming that you have completedthe work

According to Document A , horizontal-chases should beno deeper than what depth of wall-thickness
One-third
One-half
One-sixth
One-quarter

You are installing a new-circuit for recessed-light-fittings that penetrate the ceiling , what ,Approved-document(s) need to be referredto .
Document B
Document E
Document P
All of the above

Where do the building-regulations apply ?
England , Ireland and Scotland
England , Wales and Scotland
Across the whole of the United-Kingdom
England and Wales .

If you were fitting a consumer-unit ,what document would you primarily-refer to
L1
F
M
A

Thebuilding-regulations are made under which Act .
The domestic-installer-act 2003
The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
The Electricity at Work-Act 1989
The Building-Act 1984

Approved-documentA , requires notches in joists to be no-greater than 0.125 times the ?
Width
Depth
Length
Span

Whichof the following is not a requirement of part - E ?
Parts of the same building
Adjoining-buildings
External-sources
Excessive-reverberationfrom common-areas

Linked to L1 , for energy-conservation , whichof the following is the best way of control on a heating-system ?
Thermostatically-control-valves
A time-clock & thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock-only
Night-storage-heaters

Which of these is outside the scope of Part - P ?
Installing-new-circuits in a dwelling
Installing a power-supply for a garden-fountain
Rewiring a shower-circuit in a dwelling
Rewiring a church

On a notifiable-electrical-installation , the person ordering the work is issued with abuilding-regulation-certificate and relative-certificate , what paperwork doyou send to the governing-body ?
The building-regulations-certificate
Thepower-regulations-certificate
The BS-7671: certificate
A formal-letter-confirming that you havecompleted the work

Building-work is defined in regulation - 3 , of thebuilding-regulations and includes ?
Caravans
Tents
Football-pitches
The erection or extension of a building

The Building-Regulations - 2000 ( As Amended ) Are made under the , Building-Act 1984 , are ?
A statutory-instrument-number - 2531
Applicable to a majority of building-work
Split into sections related “ Approved-documents “
All of the above .

You are installing a new-circuit for Recessed-light-fittings , that penetratethe ceiling , what , Approved-document(s) need to be referred to ?
Document- B
Document- E
Document- P
All of the above

 

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A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate does Not require details of

System earthing-arrangements
Departuresfrom BS-7671 :
Method of fault-protection
Prospective-fault-current

Which of the following is not a requirement of theinspection-checklist
Availability of the customer-user instructions
Presence of a BS-mark or othersuitable-certification
Correct selection of cable andprotection-devices
No-visible-damage

Oncean Electrical-Installation-Certificatehas been completed the original should be
Sent to the authority-building-control
Retained by the electrical-contractor
Given to the person ordering the work
Given to the tenant of the building

During the Inspection & testing sightwould indicate a fault such as
Overheating
Equipment-overheating
Vibration of transformer-cover
Damaged-equipment

Prospective-short-circuit-current is measured at the supply with main-earthing-conductor. ( PFC ) meaning , ( PSCC) or ( PEFC)
Connected to themain-earth-terminal
Connectedto the neutral-supply
Disconnectedfrom the main-earth-terminal
Connectedto the line-supply

Type- D BS-EN-60898 circuit-breaker should be installed to protect-circuitssubjected to ?
Overcurrents due to motor-starting
High-fault-currents
High-starting-currents
Low-inductive-currents

One of the following types of transformer only has one-winding , which-one ?
Voltage-transformer
Auto-transformer
Double-wound-transformer
Delta-transformer

What is increased when PV - modules are connected in parallel ?
Frequency-output
Voltage-output
Current-output
Light-output

What is the preferred-method of flushing outa New-central-heating-system ? By the use of a flushing-agent before start-up . Not - Electrical . Useful- Junk

 

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Earthing :

Earthing is the Connection of the “ Exposed-conductive-parts “ of aninstallation to the , main-earthing-terminal of the installation .

Metallic-parts of anelectrical-installation , exposed-conductive-parts . may become live when afault-occurs . these parts may be able to be touched .
The purpose of earthng is to direct a ,fault-current to earth , and cause the faulty-circuit ( in Question) to disconnect , preventing a currentfrom travelling directly-through a person and preventing a risk of fire fromthe faulty-circuit .

Exposed-conductive-part: Metallic-parts .
Cooker … ( Prone - to Earth-leakage-current )
Hob- being metal .
Washing-machine
Tumble-dryer
Freezer . Fridge … (Prone - to Earth-leakage-current )
Kettle . Etc

If a fault-occurs , the fault-current flows toearth . the protective-device-disconnects the fault , and prevents the , Metal-case of the cooker from being an Electric-shock-risk

Definition: p/27
Exposed-conductive-part : Conductive-part of equipment .

Which can be touched and which is Not-normally-live .
Which can become live-under-fault-conditions .

Definition: p/25
Class- 1 .
Equipment in which protection against electric-shock , does Not rely on basic-insulation only . but
Whichincludes , Means for the connection of, Exposed-conductive-parts , ( being- Metallic-parts ) to a Protective-conductor. in the fixed-wiring of theinstallation . Etc

Definition: p/32
Protective-conductor ( PE ) .
A conductor used for some-measures ofprotection against electric-shock , and intended for connecting together any the following-parts . Exposed-conductive-part(s)

Definition: p/32
Protective-earthing . ( PE )
Earthingof a point or points in a system . or aninstallation or , ( in equipment ) forthe purposes of safety .

Protective-device-disconnects the fault . ( in Question )
O.S.G.- 23 . Types of Protective-device .

RCBO- three- functions , Overload , Short-circuit , Earth-fault .
Overload-protection.

Miniature-circuit-breaker BS-3871-1 , type 1 . 2 . 3 . ( Obsolete ) still out - there ( Radically-different) characteristics . BS-
Circuit-breakers BS-EN-60898 , types B , C , D.
Residual-current-circuit-breaker(s) with integral-overcurrent-protection - ( RCBOs ) BS-EN-61009-1 . Part - 1 .
Fuses.

Definition: p/27
Earth-leakage-current: ( Protective-conductor-current )

Definition: p/32
Protective-conductor-current .
Electric-current appearing in a , protective-conductor, such as leakage-current or electric-current resulting from an insulation-fault .

 

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Point to Note :

BS-3871 : withdrawnin 1994
BS-EN-60898

Classified-according to theirinstantaneous-tripping-current . isgiven in O.S.G. - p/72 . where (In ) is the value of current that can becarried-indefinitely by the device .

Miniature-circuit-breaker

MCB / type - 1: instantaneous-trip-current - 2.7 to 4 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - B : instantaneous-trip-current- 3 to 5 x In .
MCB / type -2 : instantaneous-trip-current- 4.0 to 7.0 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - C : instantaneous-trip-current- 5 to 10 x In .
MCB / type - 3: instantaneous-trip-current - 7 to 10 x In .
MCB / type - 4: instantaneous-trip-current - 10 to 50 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - D : instantaneous-trip-current- 10 to 20 x In .

Type - 1 & B , are the more-sensitive-devices .

 

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Overload : p/32

An Overload-current . An overcurrent occurring in a circuit which is electrically-sound :icon_bs:

All circuit(s) in the installationwill require-protection against , fault-current(s) but only those circuit(s) where an Overloadcan occur will require-overload-protection .

An Overload , is caused by a circuit carrying more current than that for which it was designed ,as the case of a , 3kW - load beingconnected to a circuit designed for 1kW, or a motor being overloaded-mechanically .

An Overload-occurs in a circuit which is healthy-circuit ,whereas a short-circuit is afault-condition , which occurs between live-conductor(s) in this case -includes the ( Neutral ) inconductor-connections . or in the equipment .

Live-conductors must be protected , by one or more devices for the , Automatic-interruption of the supply .in the event of an Overload , or fault-current . The devices must break anyoverload-current flowing in the circuit .

Relationship :

Symbols . p/38 . ( Ib)

The nominal-current rating of the protective-deviceis designated by ( In ) The design-current ( Full-load current of the circuit )
By ( Ib) and the current-carrying-capacity ofthe conductor(s) , by ( Iz ) The calculated-value of current-capacity-capacity required for the conductor is given , by ( It ) and the tabulated-current-carrying-capacity of the conductor / cable .

Symbols . p/38
( In ) rated-current or current-setting of protective-device .
( In must be Greater than or Equal to Ib )
The normal-current-rating or setting of the overload-device , must not begreater than the current-carrying-capacity of the smallest-conductor in thecircuit .

Symbols . p/38
( Iz ) current-carrying-capacity of acable for continuous-service under theparticular-installation-conditions-concerned
( Iz ) must be Greater than or Equal to ( In )

There is a further-requirement . that the current-causing theeffective-operation of the protective-device, referred to as , ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] ) must not exceed ( 1.45 ) times the , current-carrying-capacity of the smallest-conductor / cable in the circuit . ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] must not exceed 1.45- Iz )

Fusing-factor :
The factor -1.45 referred to in BS-7671: is thefusing-factor of the device obtained from the Equation . ( Fusing-factor = I[SUP]2 [/SUP]/ In ) Which is :
Fusing-factor = ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] ) Current-causing-effective-operation of the overload-protective-device “ on Overload / Nominal-rating of protective-device . ( In )

 

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GN-3. P/27

Note : Reference should also be made to therecommendations-contained in , Approved-Document - M . ( England & Wales ) &Scottish-Building-Standards with regardto the heights at which socket-outlets , switches and othercontrols should be installed .

IET publication Electricians’ Guide to the Building-Regulations .

 

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Re-cap . 2392-10 & 2394 . Initial-Verification : Meaning. Initial-Verification is carried outon a New-installation before it is put into service . GN-3 - p/15 What is Initial-Verification : 2392-10 2394 New-installation(s) Rewiring and extension Three-phase , !! O.S.G. p/11 . (ii) at a nominal-voltage of 230V a.c. single-phase or 400/230V a.c. three-phase . Construction , Design , Inspection & Testing . ( Phases ) to confirm that an electrical-installation complies with BS-7671:2008:2011: & is safe to be put into service . Initial-Verification : to confirm the installation has been , Designed & Constructed in compliance with the , British-Standards

- - - Updated - - -

Re-cap. 2392-10 & 2394 .

Initial-Verification: Meaning.

Initial-Verification is carried outon a New-installation before it is put into service . GN-3 - p/15

What is Initial-Verification : 2392-10 2394
New-installation(s)
Rewiring and extension
Three-phase , !! O.S.G. p/11 . (ii) at a nominal-voltage of 230V a.c. single-phase or 400/230V a.c. three-phase .
Construction, Design ,
Inspection & Testing . ( Phases ) to confirm that an electrical-installation complies with BS-7671:2008:2011: & is safe to be put into service .

Initial-Verification: to confirm the installation has been , Designed & Constructed in compliance with the , British-Standards

 

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ESC ) What action , if any , should be taken if it is discovered that the seal onthe DNO cut-out-fuse has been removed .

Theabsence of a seal is not an electrical safety issue and so no entry is requiredon the Condition Report. However, the owner/occupier should be informed thatthe seal is missing and they should be advised to contact the relevant DNO ormeter operator.

 

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Changes CoP 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition .

3[SUP]rd[/SUP]Edition was last printed in 2007 . itretained a restricted scope and the CoP were looking to broaden this scope . to include newer technology available to the Industry and a more modern way ofworking and the way Industry conducts itself .

Scopehas changed to include few-moreequipment types and premises anddifferent types of equipment and how they are used .

Second-hand-equipmenton the 3[SUP]rd[/SUP] Edition , being referred to as outside the scope of the CoP . however
4[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition Second-hand-equipment is in the scope . that is done inpurpose given the longer-life that appliances and equipment have duo to more stringent-manufacturing-processes .

CoP: couldn’t justify criminalising the sale ofsecond-hand-equipment that was still fitfor use and post no threats to safety toanyone and this adds equalramification in so much that the CoP wanted to promote some sustainability . second-hand-equipment is in the scope ofthe 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition .

Hireequipment wasn’t covered before . so much it needs to be understood if you hirea piece of equipment you areresponsibly for it after a certain-period . ( 7 days ) so it you hire a piece of equipment after seven-days , you are responsible for it maintenance and to insureits safe to use , and be used around people

Reclaiminghealth & Safety for all : November 2011.
An independent review of H&S legislation . Professor Ragnar E Lofstedt

Any inspection and testing ofelectrical-equipment is required to comply with the 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition IET code of practice for inService Inspection and Testing of Electrical-Equipment .
A recent government review on H&S legislation looked at howUK businesses were wasting money on “ Over Compliance “ andit was decided to revise the CoP .

PAT- Testing-Frequencies CoP - 7.1.
The general-consensus has been that PAT - testing needs tobe carried out every-year because of H&S &insurance-requirements . The new-revision-requires that the frequency of testing is based on a ( Risk- Assessment being carried out ) This would decide how often equipmentwould be tested-depending on the type of equipment .
Location and wear and tear .

PAT- Testing-Frequency ( Now . based on Risk - Assessment )
Fixed-equipment ( Not- portable ) Recommendations fortesting .
Class- 11 equipment . ( Not all require full Pat test) on your Risk - Assessment appliances’
Hireequipment ( Moreresponsibility on the hirer ) Water-cooler(s) & Vending-machine(s) Passes / Farecards. Etc
2[SUP]nd[/SUP] hand-goods ( Duty of care of seller )

Second-hand-shops. You must have a duty of care that thestuff your are selling is safe to Use .selling stuff on EBay & otherauction-sites selling on used electrical-goods its your reasonability tomake sure there safe . & when in use when selling them

Statement from , Associationof British-Insurers 2012 .
Directorof General-Insurance at the Associationof British-Insurers , ( Said )

Insurers have never required ( Policyholders to undertake unnecessary portable-electrical-appliance-tests which are not proportionate to the Risk )
We welcome HSEs guidance . which willhelp businesses-focus on what they do best free from worriesabout H&S myths .

 

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Main-Earthing-Terminal

The function of the (MET )is to provide a reference-point for the installation. it consists of aterminal or bar-providedfor the connection ofprotective-conductors . including protective-bonding-conductors . and conductors for functional-earthing .

Although the ( MET ) is connected to Earth . it is seldomat zero-potential because of the potential-difference caused by, leakage and other-currents flowing to earth . refer - 411.4.2.

411.4.2. p/54.
The neutral-point or the midpoint of the power-supply-system shall beearthed if a neutral-point or midpoint is not available or not“ accessible , a line-conductor shall be connected to Earth .

 

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2392-10 & 2394 . Re-cap .

State :

The human-senses that may need to beemployed during the . Initial-Verification of an Installation ???

During the initial-inspection it isimportant to use the following-senses .

Sight :
A visual-inspection is very-important since itcan pick up a large number of faults. ???
Labelling
Incorrect-cable or cable-size
Damaged-equipment
Incorrect-rotation of motors or equipment
Lights not functioning
Incorrect-protective-device-rating

Touch :
Touching-parts may show faults such as ???
Overheating
Loose-connections
Poor-fixings of such things as accessories
Unexpected-vibration of accessories or equipment

Smell :
The sense of smell may indicate ???
Equipment-overheating
Cables-overheating due to overload
Loose-connections causing-terminals to overheat

Hearing :
Sounds may indicate-problems such as ???
Unnecessary-arcing due to loose-connections
Vibration of transformer-cores
Poor-contactor-operation due todirt on pole-faces

 

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Basics.
State: the need for Instruments to beregularly checked and the need for compliance with the requirements ofBS-7671:2008:2011: and HSE Guidance-Note GS-38

All Instruments must be regularly checked toensure that they are . ???

Not-physically-damaged
Infull-working-order
Calibrated correctly and to date
Compliant with GS-38 with regards to test-leads, the main-requirements being .

Exposed-probe ideally no more than ( 2mm - 4mm maximum ) 2mm/ live-testing . 4mm / Dead-testing . ( Being a competent-person ) Etc
Finger-guards to stop-fingers slipping onto live-contact(s)
Test-leads or test-probes include-current-limiting . E.g. Fuse in test-lead(s)

Safe to Use .

 

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2392-10 . re-cap
• Defects or Omissions revealed duringinspection and testing shall be made good before the Certificate is issued . ( T ) 632.4 :icon_bs:
Defects or Omissions revealed during inspection and testing of theinstallation-work covered by the , Electrical-Installation-Certificate. shall be made good before the certificate is issued .

 

[amberleaf]

Regulations. p/196

Re-cap 631.1.
Certification and Reporting . :icon_bs:

631.1.
Upon completion of the ( Verification of a new-installations or changes to an existing-installation ) an . Electrical-Installation-Certificate , based onthe model given in Appendix - 6 . shallbe provided . such documentation shallinclude details of the extent of the installation covered by the certificate , together with a record of theinspection . the results of testing and arecommendation for the interval until the first-periodic-inspection .

Electrical-Installation-Certificate: together with a schedule of inspections and a schedule of test-results , shall be given to the person-ordering the work .

The schedule of test-results shall identify every-circuit , including itsrelated-protective-device(s) and shall record the results of theappropriate-tests and measurements . 632.2. p/196

632.3. p/196
The person or person(s) responsible for the design , construction . inspection and testing of the installation shall provide the person ordering the work with a certificate that takes-account of their-responsibilities for the safety ofthat-installation , together with the schedules described in Regulation 632.1.

 

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Continuity of circuit-protective-conductors

Method 1 : Temporary-link
• Put atemporary-link between the , Line and CPC at the consumer-unit
• Continuity of Ring-Final-conductors
• Test for continuity at each-point in the circuit
• The highest-value recorded ( Usually at the farthest-point of thecircuit ) is the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])

Method 2 : Wander-Lead
• Null the leads
• Connect one of the leads to the ( MET) Main-earthing-terminal
•Using a long-wander-lead-test for continuity of the , CPC at each point in the circuit
• The highest-value-recorded ( usually at the farthest-point of the circuit ) is the R[SUP]2 [/SUP]

Method 1 : determines the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])
Method 2 : determines the ( R[SUP]2[/SUP] value )


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Continuity of Ring-final-conductors

Step- 1 :
Measurethe end-to-end résistance of the
Line-loop ( r[SUP]1[/SUP] )
Neutral-loop ( r[SUP]n[/SUP] )
CPC-loop ( r[SUP]2[/SUP] )

Resistances should be same if conductors are thesame-size , the résistance of the circuit-protective-conductor will be higherif CPC is small-conductor ( x 1.67 for 2.5 / 1.5mm[SUP]2[/SUP] T&E )

Step- 2 :
• Connect the incoming-line with the outgoingNeutral for each-leg of the Ring .
• Take areading between the Line & Neutral at each-point within the Circuit .
• The value should be the same (within 0.05Ω ) withhigher-readings at any spur .

Expected-reading = ( r[SUP]1[/SUP] + r[SUP]n[/SUP] ÷ 4 )

Step- 3 :
• Connect the incoming-Line with theoutgoing Neutral for each-leg of theRing .
• Take a reading between the Line & CPC at each-point within the circuit .
• The values should be between ( within 0.05Ω ) with higher-readings at any spur .
• The highest-value is the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])

 

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Periodic-Inspection & Testing . 621.2. p/195 :icon_bs: BS-7671:2008:2011

Periodic-inspection comprising a detailed-examination of the installation shall be carried out without-dismantling.
Note : theregulations do permit a certain-amount of “ Partial-dismantling “ if required.

• Safety of persons and livestock against the effects of electrical-shock and burns
• Protection against damage to property by fire and heat arising from an installation-defect
• Confirmation that the installation is not damaged or deteriorated so as to impair-safety
• The identification of installation-defects and departures from the requirements of these Regulations that may give rise to danger .