Re-take - Useful Information for 2394 :

[amberleaf]

Certification and Reporting : 15[SUP]th[/SUP] / 16[SUP]th[/SUP]

743: Alterations and Additions .
743-01-01. The requirements of section 742 for the issue of a Completion and Inspection-Certificate shall apply toall the work of the alterations or additions , Any defects oromissions-revealed in that work shall be made good before a Completion-Report is issued .

The Contractor or other person responsible for the new-work , ora person authorised to act on his behalf , shall report in writing , to theperson-ordering the work any defects found in related-parts of theexisting-installation .

633: Alterations and Additions . 2011:
633.1: The requirements of Section 631 and632 for the issue of an , Electrical-Installation-Certificate or a Minor-Electrical-Installation-Works-Certificate shall apply to all the work of the ,additions or a alterations .

633.2: The contractor or other-person responsible for new-work or a personauthorised to act on his behalf , shall record on the , Electrical-Installation-Certificate or the Minor-Electrical-Installation-Works-certificate, any defects found , so far is reasonably-practicable , in theexisting-installation .

 

[amberleaf]

15[SUP]th[/SUP]/ 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92
713-02: Continuity of protective-conductors .
713-02-01: Every protective-conductor shall betested to verify that it is electrically-soundand correctly connected .

713-03: Continuity ofring-final-circuit-conductors
713-03-01: A test shall be made to verify the continuity of each-conductor includingthe protective-conductor . of every-ring-final-circuit .

713-04: Insulation-résistance .
713-04-01: The insulation-résistance between live-conductors shall be measured , before the installation is connectedto the supply .

713-04-02: Particular attention shall be given to the presence of electronic-devicesconnected in the installation and , where necessary , such devices shall be isolatedso that they are not damaged by the test-voltage and thereafter tested inaccordance with regulation - 713-04-06 .

713-04-03: The insulation-résistance measured with the d.c.test-voltages indicated in table - 71A shall be considered satisfactory if the , main-switchboard , and eachdistribution-circuit tested separately with all it’s final-circuits connectedbut with current-using-equipment disconnected , has an insulation-résistancenot less than the appropriate value given in Table - 71A

BS-7671:2008:2011:
612.2.: Continuity of conductors .
612.2.1.: Continuity of protective-conductors , including main & supplementary-equipotential-bonding.
A continuity test shall be made , it isrecommended that the test be carried out with a supply having a no-load voltagebetween 4V and 24V d.c. or a.c. Etc

612.2.2.: Continuity ofring-final-circuit-conductors
A test shall be made to verify the continuityof each-conductor including the protective-conductor . ofevery-ring-final-circuit .

612.3: Insulation-résistance
612.3.1: The insulation-résistance shall bemeasured , between live-conductors and between live-conductors and the protective-conductors connected to theearthing-arrangement , where appropriate during this measurement , line andneutral-conductors may be connected-together .

612.3.2: The insulation-résistance measured with the test-voltages indicated in Table- 61 , shall be considered satisfactoryif the main-switchboard and eachdistribution circuit tested separately , with all its final-circuits connectedbut with current-using-equipmentdisconnected , has an insulation-résistance not less than the appropriate-valuegiven in Table 61 .

711: Initial-Verification : 15[SUP]th[/SUP]/ 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92
Every installation shall . during erectionand/or on completion before being put into service be inspected and tested toverify , so far as is reasonably-practicable , that the requirements ofregulations have been met .

The method of test shall be such that nodanger to persons , livestock or property or damage to equipment can occur evenif the circuit tested is defective .

BS-7671:2008:2011:
610.1.: Every installation shall . during erection and oncompletion before being put into service be inspected and tested to verify , sofar as is reasonably-practicable , that the requirements of regulations havebeen met .

Precautions shall be taken to avoid , danger topersons , and livestock , and to avoid damage to property andinstalled-equipment , during inspection and testing .

Past to Present . 15[SUP]th[/SUP] / 16[SUP]th[/SUP] . 1991 / 92 . BS-7671:208:2011: We have came a long way since then . “ Not in WAGES but Regulations “ Yeah

314: Installation Circuit Arrangement
314-01-01: Every installation shall be dived intocircuits as necessary to :

i) avoid danger in the event of a fault . and
ii) Facilitate safe operation . inspection . testing. and maintenance .

Look in 314.2. Now - 314-01-02A separate circuit shall be provided foreach-part of the installation which needs to be separately controlled forcompliance with the regulations orotherwise to prevent danger . so that such circuits remain energised in theevent of failure of any other circuit of the installation , and due accountshall be taken of the consequences of the operation of anysingle-protective-device .

Look in 314.3. - 314-01-03: The number of final-circuits required , and the number of points suppliedby any final-circuit , shall be such as to facilitate compliance with therequirements of chapter 43 for overcurrent-protection , chapter 46 forisolation and switching and chapter 52 as regards current-carrying-capacities of conductors .

Look in 314.4. - 314-01-04 : Where an installation comprises more than one-final-circuit , each final circuit shallbe connected to a separate-way in the distribution-board , the wiring of eachfinal-circuit shall be electrically separate from that of every other final-circuit , so as to prevent theindirect-energising of a final-circuit intended to be isolated . RCDs have a field-day now .

 

[amberleaf]

For Our Younger Members .

Fig 2.1. p/ 37 .
Example of Earthing-Arrangementsand Protective-conductors . Chapter 54 .

Firstly: Protective-conductors - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 .
1) Circuit-protective-conductor
2) Main-protective-bonding-conductor ….. ( Equ-ipotenti-al-bonding) Equal-potential
3) Earthing-conductor
4) Supplementary-protective-bonding-conductor ( where required )

B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET )
M) Exposed-conductive-part ….. Conductive-part of equipment whichcan be .
C) Extraneous-conductive-part ….. Conductive-part liable to introduce a potential
P) Metallic-water-pipe . ( extraneous-conductive-parts )
T) Earth-electrode ( TT and IT systems )
E) Other means of earthing ( TN systems )

B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET )
1) Circuit-protective-conductor - going to Exposed-conductive-parts ( M )

2) Main-protective-bonding-conductor .
B) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET ) 2 - Main-protective-bonding-conductor. main-metallic-water-pipe ….. ( making me. Extraneous-conductive-parts)

3) Earthing-conductor . ( B ) Main-earthing-terminal - ( MET ) E) Other means of earthing ( TN systems ) T) Earth-electrode ( TT and IT systems )

4) Supplementary-protective-bonding-conductor (where required ) can be ?? ( M ) Exposed-conductive-part to Exposed-conductive-part or
Exposed-conductive-part (C ) Extraneous-conductive-parts . Structural-steelwork .

Protective-conductor ( PE )
Aconductor used for some measures of protection against electric-shock andintended for connecting together any ofthe following-parts . p/32
i) Exposed-conductive-part(s)
ii) Extraneous-conductive-part(s)
iii) Earthing-conductor .
iv) Earth-electrode(s) ….. ( s ) making me , one or more Rods . Etc
v) The earthed-point of the source . or an artificial-neutral .

i) Exposed-conductive-part(s) p/27
Exposed-conductive-part. Conductive-part of equipment which can be
- Touched and which is not normally-live. But
- Which can become live under-fault-conditions.

ii) Extraneous-conductive-part(s) p/28
Extraneous-conductive-part. a conductive-part liable to introduce a potential.generally earth-potential . and
Not forming part of the electrical-installation .

iii) Earthing-conductor. p/27
Earthing-conductor. A protective-conductor connecting the, main-earthing-terminal of an installation to an earth-electrode or toother means of earthing . Etc .

 

[amberleaf]

Whenchecking Polarity withtest-probes the voltage-indication on a single-phase socket-outlet should be
L- N 230V , L - E 230V , N - E 230V .
L- N 230V , L - E 0V , N - E 230V .
L- N 0V , L - E 230V , N - E 0V .
L - N 230V , L - E 230V , N - E 0V.

Some of the essential and optional-information required on the ,Electrical-Installation-Certificate and ,Minor-Electrical-Installation-work-Certificate is
Number of rooms . type of lighting ,outdoor-supplies
Floor-area, separate-building , number of floors
Mean of earthing . main-protective-conductors and supply-characteristics
Name of sub-contractor , invoice , contact-number

Electrical-Installation-Certificaterequired for replacing a light-fitting would be .
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate and aschedule of test-results
A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate and aschedule of Inspections and a schedule of test-results
No Certificate required

Before carrying out anInsulation-résistance-test
Carry out verification of voltage-drop
Ensure supply is switched on
Contact local-authority-building-control
Safely-isolate and consider electronic-components andvoltage-sensitive-equipment

 

[amberleaf]

Part-P does Not apply to ?
Lifts
Land associated with a building
Share amenities in blocks of flats
Greenhouses

In which of the following would you find therequirements for the building-design , construction and management for building-regulations ?
Schedule 1
Schedule 2
Approved-document A
Approved-document B

Who is ultimately responsible forcompliance with the building-regulations .
The-building-control-officer
The-architect
The-person doing the building-work
Responsibility is shared between the local-authority and the part-governing-body

Which of the following is not a requirement of Part-E .
Parts of the same-building
Adjoining-buildings
External-sources
Excessive-reverberation from common-areas

Linked to L1 for energy-conservation ,which of the following is the best way of control on a heating-system .
Thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock and thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock only
Night-storage-heaters

Which approved-document is related to the installation of smoke and fire-alarms .
B
L
A
M

On a notifiable-electrical-installation , the person ordering the work isissued with a building-regulation-certificate and relative-certificate , whatpaper-work do you send to the governing-body
The building-regulations-certificate
The power-regulations-certificate
The BS-7671:2008:2011 certificate
A formal-letter confirming that you have completedthe work

According to Document A , horizontal-chases should beno deeper than what depth of wall-thickness
One-third
One-half
One-sixth
One-quarter

You are installing a new-circuit for recessed-light-fittings that penetrate the ceiling , what ,Approved-document(s) need to be referredto .
Document B
Document E
Document P
All of the above

Where do the building-regulations apply ?
England , Ireland and Scotland
England , Wales and Scotland
Across the whole of the United-Kingdom
England and Wales .

If you were fitting a consumer-unit ,what document would you primarily-refer to
L1
F
M
A

Thebuilding-regulations are made under which Act .
The domestic-installer-act 2003
The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974
The Electricity at Work-Act 1989
The Building-Act 1984

Approved-documentA , requires notches in joists to be no-greater than 0.125 times the ?
Width
Depth
Length
Span

Whichof the following is not a requirement of part - E ?
Parts of the same building
Adjoining-buildings
External-sources
Excessive-reverberationfrom common-areas

Linked to L1 , for energy-conservation , whichof the following is the best way of control on a heating-system ?
Thermostatically-control-valves
A time-clock & thermostatically-controlled-valves
A time-clock-only
Night-storage-heaters

Which of these is outside the scope of Part - P ?
Installing-new-circuits in a dwelling
Installing a power-supply for a garden-fountain
Rewiring a shower-circuit in a dwelling
Rewiring a church

On a notifiable-electrical-installation , the person ordering the work is issued with abuilding-regulation-certificate and relative-certificate , what paperwork doyou send to the governing-body ?
The building-regulations-certificate
Thepower-regulations-certificate
The BS-7671: certificate
A formal-letter-confirming that you havecompleted the work

Building-work is defined in regulation - 3 , of thebuilding-regulations and includes ?
Caravans
Tents
Football-pitches
The erection or extension of a building

The Building-Regulations - 2000 ( As Amended ) Are made under the , Building-Act 1984 , are ?
A statutory-instrument-number - 2531
Applicable to a majority of building-work
Split into sections related “ Approved-documents “
All of the above .

You are installing a new-circuit for Recessed-light-fittings , that penetratethe ceiling , what , Approved-document(s) need to be referred to ?
Document- B
Document- E
Document- P
All of the above

 

[amberleaf]

A Minor-Work-Electrical-Installation-Certificate does Not require details of

System earthing-arrangements
Departuresfrom BS-7671 :
Method of fault-protection
Prospective-fault-current

Which of the following is not a requirement of theinspection-checklist
Availability of the customer-user instructions
Presence of a BS-mark or othersuitable-certification
Correct selection of cable andprotection-devices
No-visible-damage

Oncean Electrical-Installation-Certificatehas been completed the original should be
Sent to the authority-building-control
Retained by the electrical-contractor
Given to the person ordering the work
Given to the tenant of the building

During the Inspection & testing sightwould indicate a fault such as
Overheating
Equipment-overheating
Vibration of transformer-cover
Damaged-equipment

Prospective-short-circuit-current is measured at the supply with main-earthing-conductor. ( PFC ) meaning , ( PSCC) or ( PEFC)
Connected to themain-earth-terminal
Connectedto the neutral-supply
Disconnectedfrom the main-earth-terminal
Connectedto the line-supply

Type- D BS-EN-60898 circuit-breaker should be installed to protect-circuitssubjected to ?
Overcurrents due to motor-starting
High-fault-currents
High-starting-currents
Low-inductive-currents

One of the following types of transformer only has one-winding , which-one ?
Voltage-transformer
Auto-transformer
Double-wound-transformer
Delta-transformer

What is increased when PV - modules are connected in parallel ?
Frequency-output
Voltage-output
Current-output
Light-output

What is the preferred-method of flushing outa New-central-heating-system ? By the use of a flushing-agent before start-up . Not - Electrical . Useful- Junk

 

[amberleaf]

Earthing :

Earthing is the Connection of the “ Exposed-conductive-parts “ of aninstallation to the , main-earthing-terminal of the installation .

Metallic-parts of anelectrical-installation , exposed-conductive-parts . may become live when afault-occurs . these parts may be able to be touched .
The purpose of earthng is to direct a ,fault-current to earth , and cause the faulty-circuit ( in Question) to disconnect , preventing a currentfrom travelling directly-through a person and preventing a risk of fire fromthe faulty-circuit .

Exposed-conductive-part: Metallic-parts .
Cooker … ( Prone - to Earth-leakage-current )
Hob- being metal .
Washing-machine
Tumble-dryer
Freezer . Fridge … (Prone - to Earth-leakage-current )
Kettle . Etc

If a fault-occurs , the fault-current flows toearth . the protective-device-disconnects the fault , and prevents the , Metal-case of the cooker from being an Electric-shock-risk

Definition: p/27
Exposed-conductive-part : Conductive-part of equipment .

Which can be touched and which is Not-normally-live .
Which can become live-under-fault-conditions .

Definition: p/25
Class- 1 .
Equipment in which protection against electric-shock , does Not rely on basic-insulation only . but
Whichincludes , Means for the connection of, Exposed-conductive-parts , ( being- Metallic-parts ) to a Protective-conductor. in the fixed-wiring of theinstallation . Etc

Definition: p/32
Protective-conductor ( PE ) .
A conductor used for some-measures ofprotection against electric-shock , and intended for connecting together any the following-parts . Exposed-conductive-part(s)

Definition: p/32
Protective-earthing . ( PE )
Earthingof a point or points in a system . or aninstallation or , ( in equipment ) forthe purposes of safety .

Protective-device-disconnects the fault . ( in Question )
O.S.G.- 23 . Types of Protective-device .

RCBO- three- functions , Overload , Short-circuit , Earth-fault .
Overload-protection.

Miniature-circuit-breaker BS-3871-1 , type 1 . 2 . 3 . ( Obsolete ) still out - there ( Radically-different) characteristics . BS-
Circuit-breakers BS-EN-60898 , types B , C , D.
Residual-current-circuit-breaker(s) with integral-overcurrent-protection - ( RCBOs ) BS-EN-61009-1 . Part - 1 .
Fuses.

Definition: p/27
Earth-leakage-current: ( Protective-conductor-current )

Definition: p/32
Protective-conductor-current .
Electric-current appearing in a , protective-conductor, such as leakage-current or electric-current resulting from an insulation-fault .

 

[amberleaf]

Point to Note :

BS-3871 : withdrawnin 1994
BS-EN-60898

Classified-according to theirinstantaneous-tripping-current . isgiven in O.S.G. - p/72 . where (In ) is the value of current that can becarried-indefinitely by the device .

Miniature-circuit-breaker

MCB / type - 1: instantaneous-trip-current - 2.7 to 4 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - B : instantaneous-trip-current- 3 to 5 x In .
MCB / type -2 : instantaneous-trip-current- 4.0 to 7.0 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - C : instantaneous-trip-current- 5 to 10 x In .
MCB / type - 3: instantaneous-trip-current - 7 to 10 x In .
MCB / type - 4: instantaneous-trip-current - 10 to 50 x In .
Circuit-breaker / type - D : instantaneous-trip-current- 10 to 20 x In .

Type - 1 & B , are the more-sensitive-devices .

 

[amberleaf]

Overload : p/32

An Overload-current . An overcurrent occurring in a circuit which is electrically-sound :icon_bs:

All circuit(s) in the installationwill require-protection against , fault-current(s) but only those circuit(s) where an Overloadcan occur will require-overload-protection .

An Overload , is caused by a circuit carrying more current than that for which it was designed ,as the case of a , 3kW - load beingconnected to a circuit designed for 1kW, or a motor being overloaded-mechanically .

An Overload-occurs in a circuit which is healthy-circuit ,whereas a short-circuit is afault-condition , which occurs between live-conductor(s) in this case -includes the ( Neutral ) inconductor-connections . or in the equipment .

Live-conductors must be protected , by one or more devices for the , Automatic-interruption of the supply .in the event of an Overload , or fault-current . The devices must break anyoverload-current flowing in the circuit .

Relationship :

Symbols . p/38 . ( Ib)

The nominal-current rating of the protective-deviceis designated by ( In ) The design-current ( Full-load current of the circuit )
By ( Ib) and the current-carrying-capacity ofthe conductor(s) , by ( Iz ) The calculated-value of current-capacity-capacity required for the conductor is given , by ( It ) and the tabulated-current-carrying-capacity of the conductor / cable .

Symbols . p/38
( In ) rated-current or current-setting of protective-device .
( In must be Greater than or Equal to Ib )
The normal-current-rating or setting of the overload-device , must not begreater than the current-carrying-capacity of the smallest-conductor in thecircuit .

Symbols . p/38
( Iz ) current-carrying-capacity of acable for continuous-service under theparticular-installation-conditions-concerned
( Iz ) must be Greater than or Equal to ( In )

There is a further-requirement . that the current-causing theeffective-operation of the protective-device, referred to as , ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] ) must not exceed ( 1.45 ) times the , current-carrying-capacity of the smallest-conductor / cable in the circuit . ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] must not exceed 1.45- Iz )

Fusing-factor :
The factor -1.45 referred to in BS-7671: is thefusing-factor of the device obtained from the Equation . ( Fusing-factor = I[SUP]2 [/SUP]/ In ) Which is :
Fusing-factor = ( I[SUP]2[/SUP] ) Current-causing-effective-operation of the overload-protective-device “ on Overload / Nominal-rating of protective-device . ( In )

 

[amberleaf]

GN-3. P/27

Note : Reference should also be made to therecommendations-contained in , Approved-Document - M . ( England & Wales ) &Scottish-Building-Standards with regardto the heights at which socket-outlets , switches and othercontrols should be installed .

IET publication Electricians’ Guide to the Building-Regulations .

 

[amberleaf]

Re-cap . 2392-10 & 2394 . Initial-Verification : Meaning. Initial-Verification is carried outon a New-installation before it is put into service . GN-3 - p/15 What is Initial-Verification : 2392-10 2394 New-installation(s) Rewiring and extension Three-phase , !! O.S.G. p/11 . (ii) at a nominal-voltage of 230V a.c. single-phase or 400/230V a.c. three-phase . Construction , Design , Inspection & Testing . ( Phases ) to confirm that an electrical-installation complies with BS-7671:2008:2011: & is safe to be put into service . Initial-Verification : to confirm the installation has been , Designed & Constructed in compliance with the , British-Standards

- - - Updated - - -

Re-cap. 2392-10 & 2394 .

Initial-Verification: Meaning.

Initial-Verification is carried outon a New-installation before it is put into service . GN-3 - p/15

What is Initial-Verification : 2392-10 2394
New-installation(s)
Rewiring and extension
Three-phase , !! O.S.G. p/11 . (ii) at a nominal-voltage of 230V a.c. single-phase or 400/230V a.c. three-phase .
Construction, Design ,
Inspection & Testing . ( Phases ) to confirm that an electrical-installation complies with BS-7671:2008:2011: & is safe to be put into service .

Initial-Verification: to confirm the installation has been , Designed & Constructed in compliance with the , British-Standards

 

[amberleaf]

ESC ) What action , if any , should be taken if it is discovered that the seal onthe DNO cut-out-fuse has been removed .

Theabsence of a seal is not an electrical safety issue and so no entry is requiredon the Condition Report. However, the owner/occupier should be informed thatthe seal is missing and they should be advised to contact the relevant DNO ormeter operator.

 

[amberleaf]

Changes CoP 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition .

3[SUP]rd[/SUP]Edition was last printed in 2007 . itretained a restricted scope and the CoP were looking to broaden this scope . to include newer technology available to the Industry and a more modern way ofworking and the way Industry conducts itself .

Scopehas changed to include few-moreequipment types and premises anddifferent types of equipment and how they are used .

Second-hand-equipmenton the 3[SUP]rd[/SUP] Edition , being referred to as outside the scope of the CoP . however
4[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition Second-hand-equipment is in the scope . that is done inpurpose given the longer-life that appliances and equipment have duo to more stringent-manufacturing-processes .

CoP: couldn’t justify criminalising the sale ofsecond-hand-equipment that was still fitfor use and post no threats to safety toanyone and this adds equalramification in so much that the CoP wanted to promote some sustainability . second-hand-equipment is in the scope ofthe 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition .

Hireequipment wasn’t covered before . so much it needs to be understood if you hirea piece of equipment you areresponsibly for it after a certain-period . ( 7 days ) so it you hire a piece of equipment after seven-days , you are responsible for it maintenance and to insureits safe to use , and be used around people

Reclaiminghealth & Safety for all : November 2011.
An independent review of H&S legislation . Professor Ragnar E Lofstedt

Any inspection and testing ofelectrical-equipment is required to comply with the 4[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition IET code of practice for inService Inspection and Testing of Electrical-Equipment .
A recent government review on H&S legislation looked at howUK businesses were wasting money on “ Over Compliance “ andit was decided to revise the CoP .

PAT- Testing-Frequencies CoP - 7.1.
The general-consensus has been that PAT - testing needs tobe carried out every-year because of H&S &insurance-requirements . The new-revision-requires that the frequency of testing is based on a ( Risk- Assessment being carried out ) This would decide how often equipmentwould be tested-depending on the type of equipment .
Location and wear and tear .

PAT- Testing-Frequency ( Now . based on Risk - Assessment )
Fixed-equipment ( Not- portable ) Recommendations fortesting .
Class- 11 equipment . ( Not all require full Pat test) on your Risk - Assessment appliances’
Hireequipment ( Moreresponsibility on the hirer ) Water-cooler(s) & Vending-machine(s) Passes / Farecards. Etc
2[SUP]nd[/SUP] hand-goods ( Duty of care of seller )

Second-hand-shops. You must have a duty of care that thestuff your are selling is safe to Use .selling stuff on EBay & otherauction-sites selling on used electrical-goods its your reasonability tomake sure there safe . & when in use when selling them

Statement from , Associationof British-Insurers 2012 .
Directorof General-Insurance at the Associationof British-Insurers , ( Said )

Insurers have never required ( Policyholders to undertake unnecessary portable-electrical-appliance-tests which are not proportionate to the Risk )
We welcome HSEs guidance . which willhelp businesses-focus on what they do best free from worriesabout H&S myths .

 

[amberleaf]

Main-Earthing-Terminal

The function of the (MET )is to provide a reference-point for the installation. it consists of aterminal or bar-providedfor the connection ofprotective-conductors . including protective-bonding-conductors . and conductors for functional-earthing .

Although the ( MET ) is connected to Earth . it is seldomat zero-potential because of the potential-difference caused by, leakage and other-currents flowing to earth . refer - 411.4.2.

411.4.2. p/54.
The neutral-point or the midpoint of the power-supply-system shall beearthed if a neutral-point or midpoint is not available or not“ accessible , a line-conductor shall be connected to Earth .

 

[amberleaf]

2392-10 & 2394 . Re-cap .

State :

The human-senses that may need to beemployed during the . Initial-Verification of an Installation ???

During the initial-inspection it isimportant to use the following-senses .

Sight :
A visual-inspection is very-important since itcan pick up a large number of faults. ???
Labelling
Incorrect-cable or cable-size
Damaged-equipment
Incorrect-rotation of motors or equipment
Lights not functioning
Incorrect-protective-device-rating

Touch :
Touching-parts may show faults such as ???
Overheating
Loose-connections
Poor-fixings of such things as accessories
Unexpected-vibration of accessories or equipment

Smell :
The sense of smell may indicate ???
Equipment-overheating
Cables-overheating due to overload
Loose-connections causing-terminals to overheat

Hearing :
Sounds may indicate-problems such as ???
Unnecessary-arcing due to loose-connections
Vibration of transformer-cores
Poor-contactor-operation due todirt on pole-faces

 

[amberleaf]

Basics.
State: the need for Instruments to beregularly checked and the need for compliance with the requirements ofBS-7671:2008:2011: and HSE Guidance-Note GS-38

All Instruments must be regularly checked toensure that they are . ???

Not-physically-damaged
Infull-working-order
Calibrated correctly and to date
Compliant with GS-38 with regards to test-leads, the main-requirements being .

Exposed-probe ideally no more than ( 2mm - 4mm maximum ) 2mm/ live-testing . 4mm / Dead-testing . ( Being a competent-person ) Etc
Finger-guards to stop-fingers slipping onto live-contact(s)
Test-leads or test-probes include-current-limiting . E.g. Fuse in test-lead(s)

Safe to Use .

 

[amberleaf]

2392-10 . re-cap
• Defects or Omissions revealed duringinspection and testing shall be made good before the Certificate is issued . ( T ) 632.4 :icon_bs:
Defects or Omissions revealed during inspection and testing of theinstallation-work covered by the , Electrical-Installation-Certificate. shall be made good before the certificate is issued .

 

[amberleaf]

Regulations. p/196

Re-cap 631.1.
Certification and Reporting . :icon_bs:

631.1.
Upon completion of the ( Verification of a new-installations or changes to an existing-installation ) an . Electrical-Installation-Certificate , based onthe model given in Appendix - 6 . shallbe provided . such documentation shallinclude details of the extent of the installation covered by the certificate , together with a record of theinspection . the results of testing and arecommendation for the interval until the first-periodic-inspection .

Electrical-Installation-Certificate: together with a schedule of inspections and a schedule of test-results , shall be given to the person-ordering the work .

The schedule of test-results shall identify every-circuit , including itsrelated-protective-device(s) and shall record the results of theappropriate-tests and measurements . 632.2. p/196

632.3. p/196
The person or person(s) responsible for the design , construction . inspection and testing of the installation shall provide the person ordering the work with a certificate that takes-account of their-responsibilities for the safety ofthat-installation , together with the schedules described in Regulation 632.1.

 

[amberleaf]

Continuity of circuit-protective-conductors

Method 1 : Temporary-link
• Put atemporary-link between the , Line and CPC at the consumer-unit
• Continuity of Ring-Final-conductors
• Test for continuity at each-point in the circuit
• The highest-value recorded ( Usually at the farthest-point of thecircuit ) is the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])

Method 2 : Wander-Lead
• Null the leads
• Connect one of the leads to the ( MET) Main-earthing-terminal
•Using a long-wander-lead-test for continuity of the , CPC at each point in the circuit
• The highest-value-recorded ( usually at the farthest-point of the circuit ) is the R[SUP]2 [/SUP]

Method 1 : determines the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])
Method 2 : determines the ( R[SUP]2[/SUP] value )


- - - Updated - - -

Continuity of Ring-final-conductors

Step- 1 :
Measurethe end-to-end résistance of the
Line-loop ( r[SUP]1[/SUP] )
Neutral-loop ( r[SUP]n[/SUP] )
CPC-loop ( r[SUP]2[/SUP] )

Resistances should be same if conductors are thesame-size , the résistance of the circuit-protective-conductor will be higherif CPC is small-conductor ( x 1.67 for 2.5 / 1.5mm[SUP]2[/SUP] T&E )

Step- 2 :
• Connect the incoming-line with the outgoingNeutral for each-leg of the Ring .
• Take areading between the Line & Neutral at each-point within the Circuit .
• The value should be the same (within 0.05Ω ) withhigher-readings at any spur .

Expected-reading = ( r[SUP]1[/SUP] + r[SUP]n[/SUP] ÷ 4 )

Step- 3 :
• Connect the incoming-Line with theoutgoing Neutral for each-leg of theRing .
• Take a reading between the Line & CPC at each-point within the circuit .
• The values should be between ( within 0.05Ω ) with higher-readings at any spur .
• The highest-value is the ( R[SUP]1[/SUP] + R[SUP]2[/SUP])

 

[amberleaf]

Periodic-Inspection & Testing . 621.2. p/195 :icon_bs: BS-7671:2008:2011

Periodic-inspection comprising a detailed-examination of the installation shall be carried out without-dismantling.
Note : theregulations do permit a certain-amount of “ Partial-dismantling “ if required.

• Safety of persons and livestock against the effects of electrical-shock and burns
• Protection against damage to property by fire and heat arising from an installation-defect
• Confirmation that the installation is not damaged or deteriorated so as to impair-safety
• The identification of installation-defects and departures from the requirements of these Regulations that may give rise to danger .

 

[amberleaf]

Useful-Junk:

Earth-fault-loop-impedance: 612.9. ( Circuit-loop-impedance )

The method of testing involves connecting the tester between Line & Earth .
When the test is started , a current is passed around the circuit and supply and the loop-impedance ismeasured .

Some-tester(s) use a , 2 - lead-connection
While some use 3 - leads

The only-difference is that the , 2 - lead-tester , powers the instrumentfrom Line and Earth , whilst the 3 - lead-tester uses the Neutral , the Neutral-connection can simply be connected to Earth and it will then behave as a 2 - lead-tester .

Table- 41.5.
The Regulations require only that ( Zs) does not exceed 50V ÷ by thenominal-rating of the RCD .
100mA device this would be 500Ω ,
30mA device would be 1667Ω , 50V ÷ 30mA = 1667Ω

30mA ÷ 1000 = 0.03A .
50V ÷ 0.03A = 1667Ω .

( Circuit-loop-impedance ) 612.9. Earth-fault-loop-impedance :
Where protective-measures are used whichrequire a knowledge of earth-fault-loop-impedance . the relevant-impedance(s) shallbe measured . :icon_bs:
[h=1]Blast from the past : ◄ [/h][h=1]Avoiding unwanted tripping of RCDs and circuit-breakers whenmeasuring Zs [/h]Earth fault loop impedance testinstruments using techniques other than conventional high-current testing arerequired to prevent tripping of RCDs and certain types of circuit-breaker

Many earth fault loopimpedance test instruments use a test measuring current of between 20 A and 25 A. This test current can flow inthe earth fault loop for, typically, 40 ms. This relatively high current willusually trip any RCD protecting thecircuit and may also trip some circuit-breakers, suchas Type B overcurrent circuit-breaker to BS EN 60898 having a rated current less than 10 A.

This unwanted operation of a protective device will prevent themeasurement of earth fault loop impedance from being taken and, perhaps moreimportantly, result in an unwanted disconnection of the supply to the circuitunder test.

Solution
The value of earth fault loop impedance (Zs) is required to bedetermined for every distribution circuit and final circuit having AutomaticDisconnection of Supply (ADS) as its protective measure against electric shock.The value of Zs is also one of the values required to be recorded on theSchedule of Test Results in the Electrical Installation Certificate andPeriodic Inspection Report.

Regulation 612.9 indicates that the value of Zs may bedetermined by direct measurement or by an alternative method.

Instrument manufacturers can supply earth fault loop impedancetest instruments that are less liable to trip RCDs and circuit-breakers than isthe case with a conventional high current earth fault loop impedance testinstrument. There are two common techniques that manufacturers employ:

• d.c. biasingthe RCD: this techniqueusers a d.c. bias current to saturate the core of the RCD prior to the testsuch that the actual Zs measuring test current is undetected by the RCD. (It isimportant to remember that this technique is not effective for all types of RCD)
• Testing a reduced current : this technique uses a test current at or below 15mA, suchthat RCDs having a rated residual current of 30mA and greater will not trip. This techniquewill also mean that overcurrent circuit-breakers of Type B with a rated currentless than 10 A should not trip when measuring Zs.
612.9. Earth-fault-loop-impedance :
Where protective-measures are used whichrequire a knowledge of earth-fault-loop-impedance . the relevant-impedance(s) shallbe measured . or determined by an alternative-method .

 

[amberleaf]

Protection by Automatic-Disconnection of thesupply .

General: 612.8.1.
The ( Verification ) of theeffectiveness of the measures for fault-protection by (ADS ) depends on the type of system used . TN - system , TT - system .
The Regulations require that :

Compliance shall be verified by .

• Measurement of the Earth-fault-loop-impedance . 612.9.
• Verification of the characteristics and / or the effectiveness of the associated-protective-device .

- for overcurrent-protective-devices . ( By Visual-Inspection ) i.e. short-time or instantaneous-tripping-setting for circuit-breakers, current-rating and type for Fuses

- for RCDs , ( By Visual-Inspection ) and test.
The effectiveness of (ADS ) by RCDs shall be verified using ( Suitable-test-equipment ) according to , BS-EN-61557-6 . see regulation - 612.1 to confirm that the relevant-requirements in Chapter - 41 are met . Etc

 

[amberleaf]

Design : 2392-10 .

Two of the most important-requirements for the installation of electrical-equipment are that :

- Installed-equipment and its connections must be accessible for operational , inspection and maintenance-purposes
- Equipment must be arranged to allow easy-access for , periodic-inspection , testing and maintenance.

Junction-boxes can be used if Accessible:
According to Electrical-Safety-Guidelines connections should be easily-accessible and located where there is room to work around them .

Junction-boxes with screw-terminals must be positioned where they can be easily-reached for inspection . testing and maintenance

Fault-finding: ?? . since the loose or disconnected-cables can’t be seen within junction-boxes , ( Stringent-Safety-Standards ) including Part - P . have placed junction-boxes under the spotlight forclose-inspection .

One of the most-Common-faults:
Connections occurs because the same-terminals are used for ( Both the Twin & CPC cables )this means that the thin-strands of aflexible-cables-conductors canbecome damaged , possibly causing a loose-connection .

 

[amberleaf]

Electrical Installation Certificate - What are they ?

The Regulations are re-minding us . EIC - p/392

A ( Safety Certificate ) issuedby the electrician on completion of a new electrical installation, or changesto an existing electrical installation. The certificate confirms that the installation has been Designed , Constructed , Inspectedand Tested to the UK nationalstandard BS 7671:2008:2011:

Defects or Omissionsrevealed during inspection and testing shall be made good before the Certificate is issued . 632.4

Defects or Omissions revealed during inspection and testing of theinstallation-work covered by the , Electrical-Installation-Certificate. shall be made good before the certificate is issued .

 

[amberleaf]

Useful- Junk .

GN-3: P/80
Periodic-Inspection of the installations to an earlier-edition of BS-7671: or the IEE Wiring-Regulations :icon_bs:

People often ask what standard should be applied when carrying out the periodic-inspection of an installation-constructed in accordance withan earlier-edition of BS-7671: , or aneven-earlier-edition of the IEE Wiring-Regulations or to an unknown-standard .

In this situation the (Inspection ) should be carried out against the current-edition of BS-7671: However , it is likely that therewill be items that do not-comply with the current-edition of BS-7671: but this does not-necessarily mean that the installation is unsafe .

Ifthe inspector feels that an item requires-improvement , it should begiven ( Code - 3 ) on the ,Electrical-Installation-Condition-Report . if the finding does not require-improvement it does not need to be recorded as an observation .

GN-3, reminds us .
Reference is made to ( Existing-Installation) both in the second-paragraph of theintroduction to BS-7671:2008: and in the note by the ,Health & Safety-Executive which follows the Preface to BS-7671:

Regulations: p/12. Notes on the plan of the 17[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition .

2008: p/10 .
The Health & Safety-Executive ( HSE ) welcomes the publication of BS-7671: 2008 . Requirements for Electrical-Installations . IEE Wiring Regulations 17[SUP]th[/SUP] edition . BS-7671: and the IEE Wiring-Regulations have been extensively-referred to in , HSE- guidance over the years . Installations which conform to the , standards laid-down in BS-7671:2008: are regarded by HSE, as likely to ( Achieve-conformity) with the relevant-parts of the Electricity at Work Regulations - 1989 , Existing-installations may been designed & installed to conform to the standards set by ,earlier-editions of BS-7671: or the IEE Wiring-Regulations , This does not mean that they will fail to (( Achieve-conformity)) with the relevant-parts of the . Electricity at Work Regulations - 1989 .

Introduction to BS-7671:2008: p/4.
The Regulations apply to the design, erection and verification of electrical-installations. also additions & alterations to existing-installations .
Existing-installations that have been installed in accordance with earlier-editions of the Regulations may not comply with this edition in every-respect , This does notnecessarily mean that they are unsafe for continued-use orrequire-upgrading . Etc

Regulations: p/12. Notes on the plan of the 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition .
2011: p/12 .
The Health & Safety-Executive ( HSE ) welcomes the publication of BS-7671: 2008 . Requirements for Electrical-Installations . IET ( formerly IEE ) Wiring Regulations 17[SUP]th[/SUP] edition . and its upgrading with the first-amendment . BS-7671: and the IEE Wiring Regulations have been extensively-referred to in , HSE - guidance over the years . installations which confirm to the standards laid-down in BS-7671:2008: are regarded by HSE as likely to (( Achieve-conformity )) with the relevant-parts of the . Electricity at Work Regulations - 1989 .

Introduction to BS-7671:2008: p/4.
Existing-installations that have been designed , installed in accordance with earlier-editions of the Regulations may not comply with this edition in every-respect , This does notnecessarily mean that they are unsafe for continued-use orrequire-upgrading . Etc

Regulations- reminds us .
Point to Note : p/2 . 2004: 2008 : 2011: Etc
While the publisher and contributors believe that the information and guidance given in this work is correct . all parties must rely upon their own-skills and judgement when making use of it . Neither the publisher nor any contributor assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage-caused by any error or omission in the work , whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause . (( Any and all such-liability is disclaimed ))

GN-3, reminds us . p/2
Point to Note :
While the publisher and contributors believe that the information and guidance given in this work is correct . all parties must rely upon their own-skills and judgement when making use of them . the author, publisher and contributors do not assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage-caused by any error or omission in the work , whether such error or omission is the result of negligence or any other cause . (( Where reference is made to legislation it is notto be considered as legal-advice )) any and all such-liability is disclaimed .

(( Earlier-Edition 2001 )) ◄◄ How Things Change . over time :svengo:
If there are items that require-urgent-attention . these must be identified . Etc .
A non-compliance that perhaps does not require any further-attention might be 6mm[SUP]2[/SUP] bonding-conductor . This was considered-adequate prior to the 1982 PME - Approvals . but now 10mm[SUP]2[/SUP] is required as a minimum .

Defects : which would be considered dangerous . BS-7671:2008:2011: lack of a (( protective-conductor)) in a lighting-installation , that includes Class - 1 luminaries’ .

 

[amberleaf]

InsulationRésistance . ( IR )

713-04-04 . 16[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition :
Where the circuit includes electronic-devices . only a measurement to protective-earth. shall be made with the phase and neutral-connectedtogether . Precautions may be necessary to avoid-damage to electronic-devices .

Regulation 612.3.3.
Recognises the possibility of there being , Electronic-devices installed in a circuit , and requires only a measurement to protective-earth, from Line and neutral-connected together .

It is most important to connect the Line & Neutral together before carrying out thistest .

612.3.3.
Where the circuit includes electronic-devices which are likely to influence the results or be damaged . only a measurement between the , Line-conductors-connected together and the earthing-arrangement shall be made .

Precautionsmay be necessary to avoid-damage to electronic-devices . ( The Whys )
Note : Additional-precautions , such as disconnection , may benecessary to avoid damage to Electronic-devices .

In this Case . The Regulations have stated the Facts . Which it Must-Do .

Regulation - 612.3.2. Recognises .
Disconnection of Current-Using-Equipment .

The insulation-résistance measured with the test-voltages ,indicated in Table - 61 , shall beconsidered-satisfactory if the main-switchboard and each-distribution-circuit-tested ( separately) with all its final-circuits connected but with current-using-equipment-disconnected . has an insulation-résistance notless than the appropriate-value given in Table - 61 .

( The Whys )
If a Line to Neutral-insulation-test is to be carried-out , the disconnection of all Current-using-equipment is necessary , Otherwise the test-instrument will be , Short-circuited by the load-résistance .

 

[amberleaf]

Compliance with Standards . What the Regulations are asking You .

Inspection. - 611.1. Inspection shall precede-testing and shall normally be done with that part of the installation under-inspection disconnected from the supply .

611.2.
Requires that a ( Visual-Inspection be made of an installation ) to confirm that all equipment complies with the relevant-requirements . of the applicable British-Standard or Harmonised-Standard .

Inspectors should be looking preferably for an Approved-body-mark . or a maker’s CE - mark and identification of the Standard .
Where the equipment is not covered by a British-Standard or Harmonised-Standard.

You should be asking yourselves . what Action has been taken to ( Verify Compliance with the General-Requirements )

611.2. The inspection shall be made to Verify that the installed-electrical-equipment is Etc.

 

[amberleaf]

Regulations - BS-7671:2008:2011: p/12 :icon_bs:

Note: by the , Health and Safety Executive .

A Note : from the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) is included as BS-7671: and the IET Wiring Regulations have been extensively referred to in ( HSE - Guidance ) over the years .

It is pertinent to ( Sate - that) BS-7671: is Not a Statutory-Document and it is . Therefore . Therefore Not aLegal-Requirement to follow the practices-referred to within . The legal-requirements are contained within the , Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 ( EWR ) which includes a requirement that all Systems are ,Safe from this requirement BS-7671: provides the framework to which electrical-installations should follow in order to meet therequirements of the Law .

There is reference in the Note : by the HSE . rather like the one-seen . previously in the introduction . which refers to Older-Installations .

Existing-installations may have been designed and installed to conform to the standards set by Earlier-Editions of BS-7671: or the IET WiringRegulations .
This does not mean that they will fail to achieve-conformity with the relevant-parts of the , Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 . Again .
The intent is to make it known that an installation which was not-installed to the 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition may not be unsafe and may be suitable for continued-use and . hence does not mean that they will fail to achieve conformity with the relevant-parts of the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 .

 

[amberleaf]

Additions and Alterations

Scenario:

Theexisting-circuit was installed to BS-7671:2001 ( 2004 and completely with that Edition of the standard . no part of thecircuit-protected by an RCD . :13:

Some installers are of the opinion that whenadding to an , Existing-circuit . provided that the existing-circuit meets the requirements of BS-7671:2001 ( 2004 ) the 16[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition , then the 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition simply-applies to the ( New-Addition ) 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition is to be applied to the entire-circuit-worked ON.

Regulations must Statethe Facts .
Regulations BS-7671:2008: as these opening-paragraphs set the scene .
The first-paragraphs of the introduction to the 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition is very-straightforward as it , ( States the effective-date of commencement ) the second-paragraph. however . is a little more-Cryptic .

Existing-installations that have been-installed in accordance with ( Earlier - Editions ) of the Regulations may Not - Comply with this Editionin every-respect . This does not-necessary-mean that they are unsafe for continued-use or require-upgrading .

The 17[SUP]th[/SUP] Edition is to be applied to the entire-circuit-worked on .

Early-pages of - Introduction to BS-7671:2008 . as these opening-paragraphs set the scene .

The first-paragraph of the introduction to the 17[SUP]th[/SUP]Edition is very straightforward as it ( States the effective-date of commencement )
The second-paragraph . however is alittle-more-cryptic

Existing-Installations. that have been installed in accordance with earlier-editions of the Regulations may not-comply with this Edition in every-respect . This does not necessary-mean that they are unsafe forcontinued-use or require upgrading .

 

[amberleaf]

Regulations: have stated the Facts . Which they must do .

Therequirements for Additionsand Alterations in BS-7671:2008 are given in a number of Regulations .

p/14 . Very-First-Regulation : 110.1. from the Scopeof BS-7671: States that the Regulations have requirements for :
vi ) Additions and Alterations to installations and also-parts of the .Existing-Installation affected byan Additionsand Alterations

“ Note the words “ …… parts of the existing-installation affected by an Additionsand Alterations in (Part - vi ) of the Regulations
When a circuit is extended . the New-Addition-Alters the characteristics of theexisting-circuit-installation to some-extent.

- The increased-load
- Or the resulting-earth-fault-loop-impedance

Your next Regulation . is the Key - Regulation . 132.16 . p/20 . Additions and Alterations toan Installation .
132.16 . No Additions and Alterations temporary or permanent. shall be made to an existing-installation . unless it hasbeen ascertained that the rating and the condition of any existing-equipment . including that of the distributor . will be adequate for the altered-circumstances . Furthermore .the earthing and bonding-arrangements ,if necessary for the protective-measures-applied for the safety of the Addition and Alteration . shall be adequate

The Regulation requires that if youplan to make any-changes . The existing-installation must be insuch a condition which will be suitable for theintended-alteration .
As is stated .

□ The equipment belonging to the distributor . the condition and size of the supply-cable . The Distinct-Network-Operator’s ► ( Wording Used in Exams - DNO ) cut-out . metering-equipment . supply and meter-tails .

- Distribution-equipment . Switchboard . Consumer-unit ( CCU )
- Earthing and Bonding-arrangements .

If any-part of the installation intended to be altered is ( Not suitable ) it must be brought up to “ Standard “ thestandard being BS-7671:2008:2011:
Where equipment belonging to the , Distributor or metering-company is not suitable for the altered-circumstance .

- Tails are undersized
- Equipment is damaged with Exposed-parts

The Electrician must ensure that the equipment is in safe-condition before undertaking the installation-work .

In most-cases it will be Necessary to arrange for the Distributor and / or Metering-company to attend site and make the changes .
( As weall Known . Usually-incur a Charge ££ )

 

[amberleaf]

2392-10 / 2394. ( Certification & Reporting ) Along the Way .

Additions and Alterations in BS-7671:2008:2011: :13:

The Electrician . would not take ( Responsibility ) for any other-circuits within the Installation that they have ( Not-worked-On )

Electrical-Installation-Certificate ( EIC ) has a facility for comments on the Existing-Installation . p/391.

The Electrician should record any . Unsafe-conditions or practices . bring them to the Client-Attention ◄ ◄

This requirement can be found in Regulation - 633.2.

p/196 . 633.2. 2392-10 / 2394 .
The Contractor / Electrician responsible for the new-work , or person authorized to act on there behalf . shall record on the ( EIC ) or the ( MEIWC ) any defects found ,

So far as is reasonably-practicable . in the Existing-Installation .

 

[amberleaf]

2392-10/ 2394 .

Verification : 610.4. p/189 .
For an Addition and Alteration to an existing-installation . it shall be Verified that the Addition and Alteration complies with the Regulations and does not impair the Safety of the Existing-Installation .

 

[amberleaf]

134.2.1. p/22.
During-erection and on completion of an installation or an Addition and Alteration to an installation and before it isput into service . appropriate ,inspection & testing shall becarried out by competent-persons to verify that the requirements ofthis Standard have been met .

Appropriate-certification shall be issued in accordance with Sections 631 & 632 .

631.1. p/195 . The requirements of Sections 631 and 632 for the issue of an ,Electrical-Installation-Certificate . or a Minor-Electrical-Installation-Work-Certificate. shall apply to all the work of the Additions & Alterations

 

[amberleaf]

Legal-Requirements 2009 .

BS-7671:2008:2011: Not a Statutory-document

BS-7671:2008:2011: Primarily : There are two-pieces of Legislation to consider .

Firstly :- being the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 .
Second :- being the Building-Regulations .

Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 . Applies
Tothese undertaking electrical-work . as part of their Job .

Building-Regulations. Apply
To those undertaking electrical-work as part of their Job . & to those carrying out DIY - Work .

• Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
The ( EWR ) states that all systems are to be safe so as to prevent-danger and prevent the risk of injury .
The Memorandum to the , Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 . HS(R)25 . records that the IET Wiring-Regulations is widely-recognised and accepted in the UK and compliance with them is likely to achieve-compliance with relevant-aspects of the 1989 Regulation in point - 7 of the introduction . Further . point - 9 states that installations to which the IET Wiring Regulations are relevant may have been installed in accordance with an Earlier-Edition . now-superseded but then-current . That in itself . would not mean that the installation would fail to comply with the 1998 Regulations .

Electricians often find that their client-refuses to pay for any-remedial-work required tobring existing-elements of installation up to Standard the installer should always evaluate the existing-situation by carrying out ( Periodic-Inspection ) of the installation prior to starting-work . so that any irregularities can be brought to the attention of the client .

client :- ifthe client-refuses to pay for upgrade(s) then the installer simply doesn’t take on the job .

the issuing of disclaimers . by installers . stating that the client was made aware of Shortfalls in the existing-installation . is no way around the Law . if someone is injured due to negligent-practice . a covering-letter will not-prevent-prosecution .

Building-Regulations. England & Wales requires that
Installations Electrical-Part - P ventilation ( Part - F ) accessibility ( Part - M ) must be no worse in terms of the level of compliance withother-applicable-parts of Schedule - 1 to the Building-Regulations than before the work was undertake .There is a similar-requirement in the . Scottish-Building-Standards handbooks which requires that “ any service-fitting or equipment is to be a standard no worse than at present “

Approved-Document- P states that “ A way ofcomplying is to follow the technical-rules of BS-7671: or an equivalent-standard “

Note : that the use of the Words “ Equivalent-Standard“ therefore a theoretical alternative as BS-7671 is not a
statutorydocument. Currently in the UKno other electrical installation standard exists. Bear in mind that BS 7671 isbased on the technical intent of HD 60364, which in turn was developed from IEC60364 – therefore, they are not equivalent standards.

Conclusion
When carrying out additionsor alterations to existing electrical installations, the reconfigured aspect ofthe electrical installation should comply with 7671:2008. The installer doesnot simply take responsibility for the newly installed or reconfigured elementof the installation but all parts of the circuit(s) worked on - including theneed to comment on the continued suitability or otherwise of the equipmentbelonging to the distributor - this includes the condition of the meteringequipment, supply and meter-tails, distribution equipment and the earthing andbonding arrangements. If the client does not want to pay for upgrades toexisting equipment, this does not absolve the installer from responsibility,nor does a disclaimer. If the installer

undertakes a risk assessmentof the situation and decides that it is not necessary to bring the existingelement of the installation up to the current standard, then a certificatestating that the installation complies with BS 7671:2008 cannot be issued asthe installation clearly does not comply with the 17th Edition. Listingdepartures on the certificate will only meet the requirements of the Regulationsif the resulting degree of safety of the installation shall be not less thanthat obtained by compliance with the Regulations.

 

[amberleaf]

Re-cap.

In the United-Kingdom the following classes of electrical-installations are required to comply with the Statutory-Regulations . :icon_bs:
The Regulations listed represent the principal-legal-requirements . ( Informative )

The IET Wiring-Regulations are not Regulations in the sense of a Government or Ministerial-order having the force of Law .
They are simply-rules or principles .

The Statutory-Regulations with which Wiring-Regulations have most association are : ( Informative)

BS-7671:2008:2011: Appendix - 2 p/292 . Lists the Statutory-Regulations with which certain electrical-installations are required to comply . Etc

 

[amberleaf]

The Regulations . have stated the facts : BS-7671:2008:2011: :icon_bs:
Guidance-Note -3 . Offers Guidance : in any ofyour Exams . GN-3 & Regulation are the two most important Books .

Q/As . Right in front of our-Eyes

-&-s will ask you Q/As , Regulations & Guidance-Note 3 . 2011: Break it down you have the Answers .

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE . p/392
Notes :

6 .The maximum prospective value of fault current ( Ipf ) recorded should bethe greater of either the prospective value of short-circuit current or theprospective value of earth fault current. ( -&-s ) Q/As

612.11. Prospective fault current
The prospective-short-circuit-current & prospective-earth-fault-current shall be measured . calculated or determined by another-method . at the origin and other relevant-points in theinstallation

p/391
( EIC ) Prospective fault current, Ipf (2) ........kA
( Note1) by enquiry,
( Note:(2) byenquiry or by measurement ) 2392-10 . By - measurement ….. Employ adequate testing equipment.

Externalloop impedance, Ze (2) ........ Ω . 2392-10 . By - measurement ….. Employ adequate testing equipment.

Rated-residual-operating-current IΔn = .......... mA, and operating time of .......ms (at IΔn) . 2392-10 . By - measurement ….. Employ adequatetesting equipment.
(applicableonly where an RCD is suitable and is used as a main circuit-breaker)

p/389
(i) . The Electrical Installation Certificaterequired by Part 6 should be made out and signed or otherwise authenticated bya competent person or persons in respect of the design,construction, inspection and testing of the work.

(iv). Competent persons will, as appropriateto their function under (i) above, have a sound knowledge andexperience relevant to the nature of the work undertaken and to the technicalstandards set down in these Regulations, be fullyversed in the inspection and testing procedures contained in these Regulationsand employ adequate testing equipment.

This forum can only offer some Guidance’s .

Reminder : 2392-10 & 2394 . :mad2:
BS-7671:2008:2011: all parties must rely upon their own , skill & judgement when making use of it .
Guidance-Note -3 : all parties must rely upon their own , skill & judgement when making use of it .

 

[amberleaf]

The Regulations . have stated thefacts : BS-7671:2008:2011:
Guidance-Note -3 . Offers Guidance : in any of your Exams . GN-3 & Regulation are the two most important Books .

-&-s will ask you Q/As , Regulations & Guidance-Note 3 . 2011: Break it down you have the Answers .

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE p/392 . [ make it work for You ] :icon_bs:
NOTES:

1 . The Electrical Installation Certificate is to be used only forthe initial certification of a new installation or for an addition oralteration to an existing installation where new circuits have been introduced.

Re-cap : Used Only ◄
Initial-certification ofa New-installation ( -&-s ) Q/As
Addition to an existing installation
Alteration to an existing installation
The Regulations BS-7671:2008:2011: have stated the facts

It is not to be used for a PeriodicInspection, for which an Electrical Installation Condition Report form shouldbe used. For an addition or alteration which does not extend to theintroduction of new circuits , a Minor Electrical Installation Works Certificate may be used

Re-cap : It is not to be used for ◄ Periodic Inspection ( -&-s ) Q/As
ElectricalInstallation Condition Report ( EICR )
Addition whichdoes not extend to the introduction of New circuits
Alteration which does not extend to the introduction of New circuits

The “ Original ” Certificate is to be given tothe personordering the work ( Regulation632.1 ). A duplicate should be retained by the contractor. ( -&-s ) Q/As

2. This Certificate is only valid if accompanied by the Schedule of Inspections andthe Schedule(s) of Test Results. ( EIC) ( -&-s ) Q/As

3. The signatures appended are those of the persons authorized by the companiesexecuting the work of design, construction, inspection and testingrespectively. A signatory authorized to certify more than one category of workshould sign in each of the appropriate places.

4. The time interval recommended before the first periodic inspection must beinserted ( see IET Guidance Note 3 forguidance ).

5. The page numbers for each of the Schedules of Test Results should beindicated, together with the total number of sheets involved.

6. The maximum prospective value of fault current ( Ipf ) recorded should be the greater of either the prospectivevalue of short-circuit current or the prospective value of earth fault current. ( -&-s ) Q/As

7. The proposed date for the next inspection should take into consideration thefrequency and quality of maintenance that the installation can reasonably beexpected to receive during its intended life, and the period should be agreedbetween the designer, installer and other relevant parties.

 

[amberleaf]

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS p/392 . bottom - half :13:

This Safety Certificate has been issuedto confirm that the electrical installation work to which it relates has beendesigned, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with British Standard7671 (the IET Wiring Regulations). You should have received an “original” Certificate andthe contractor should have retained a duplicate. If you were the personordering the work, but not the owner of the installation, you should pass thisCertificate, or a full copy of it including the schedules, immediately to theowner. The " Original " Certificate should be retained in a safe placeand be shown to any person inspecting or undertaking further work on theelectrical installation in the future. If you later vacate the property, thisCertificate will demonstrate to the new owner that the electrical installationcomplied with the requirements of British Standard 7671 at the time theCertificate was issued. The Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations requirethat, for a project covered by those Regulations, a copy of this Certificate,together with schedules, is included in the project health and safetydocumentation. For safety reasons, the electrical installation willneed to be inspected at appropriate intervals by a competent person. The maximumtime interval recommended before the next inspection is stated on Page 1 under " NEXT INSPECTION " . (EIC ) p/392 ( -&-s ) Q/As . [ Answering Exam Questions ]

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS
ThisCertificate is intended to be issued only for a Newelectrical installation or for new work associated with an addition or alteration to an existing installation. It should not have been issuedfor the inspection of an existing electrical installation .

Reminder. An " Electrical Installation ConditionReport " should be issued for such an inspection. Existing electrical installation ◄► ( -&-s ) Q/As





- - - Updated - - -

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS p/392 . bottom - half


This Safety Certificate has been issuedto confirm that the electrical installation work to which it relates has beendesigned, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with British Standard7671 (the IET Wiring Regulations). You should have received an “original” Certificate andthe contractor should have retained a duplicate. If you were the personordering the work, but not the owner of the installation, you should pass thisCertificate, or a full copy of it including the schedules, immediately to theowner. The " Original " Certificate should be retained in a safe placeand be shown to any person inspecting or undertaking further work on theelectrical installation in the future. If you later vacate the property, thisCertificate will demonstrate to the new owner that the electrical installationcomplied with the requirements of British Standard 7671 at the time theCertificate was issued. The Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations requirethat, for a project covered by those Regulations, a copy of this Certificate,together with schedules, is included in the project health and safetydocumentation. For safety reasons, the electrical installation willneed to be inspected at appropriate intervals by a competent person. The maximumtime interval recommended before the next inspection is stated on Page 1 under " NEXT INSPECTION " . (EIC ) p/392 ( -&-s ) Q/As . [ Answering Exam Questions ]


ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CERTIFICATE GUIDANCE FOR RECIPIENTS
ThisCertificate is intended to be issued only for a Newelectrical installation or for new work associated with an addition or alteration to an existing installation. It should not have been issuedfor the inspection of an existing electrical installation .


Reminder. An " Electrical Installation ConditionReport " should be issued for such an inspection. Existing electrical installation ◄► ( -&-s ) Q/As

 

[amberleaf]

This Safety Certificate has been issuedto confirm that the electrical installation work to which it relates has beendesigned, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with British Standard7671 (the IET Wiring Regulations).

- - - Updated - - -

You should have received an “ original ” Certificateand the contractor should have retained a duplicate. If you were the personordering the work, but not the owner of the installation, you should pass thisCertificate, or a full copy of it including the schedules, immediately to theowner.

- - - Updated - - -

The " Original " Certificate should be retained in a safe placeand be shown to any person inspecting or undertaking further work on theelectrical installation in the future. If you later vacate the property, thisCertificate will demonstrate to the new owner that the electrical installationcomplied with the requirements of British Standard 7671 at the time theCertificate was issued. The Construction ( Design and Management ) Regulations requirethat, for a project covered by those Regulations, a copy of this Certificate,together with schedules, is included in the project health and safetydocumentation.

- - - Updated - - -

For safety reasons, the electrical installation willneed to be inspected at appropriate intervals by a competent person. The maximumtime interval recommended before the next inspection is stated on Page 1 under " NEXT INSPECTION " .

 

[amberleaf]

(EIC ) p/392 ( -&-s ) Q/As . [ Answering Exam Questions ]