This is quite interesting. You have Andy who will always make his rate clear before working and Westie who has never mentioned his rate. I guess everyone does it differently. I generally get asked to quote for a job before undertaking it, so that's what I do. However, if not asked I 'generally' don't mention a rate before carrying out the work.
Aye, different businesses require different approaches. Sounds like Westie has a well established business with regular customers and the working relationship is already well placed in a position of trust. An ideal position to be in I might add and credit to him.
My business is still less than 5 years young and although I have regular customers now who know my working practices and rates, the main bulk of my work is still new enquiries.
I feel I need to set out rates when not working to a price as a few awkward customers early on in my self employed days felt the need to haggle me down from fair rates to a pittance. They used the excuse that I hadn't stated rates before starting work, which was fair enough and I soon learned from the mistake.
I now quote rates to all new customers before even attending a callout or a viewing for a quote. I have learned that the ones that don't call me back are the ones that want me to "have a look and see what the problem is" for free. Works as quite an effective skinflint filter for the 5% who want rock bottom prices and sod the workmanship.
It's also worth mentioning that my rates vary with my customers. I work in a very saturated local domestic market and so have to be quite keen in that sector. My commercial customers however I can do quite well with as being a sole trader I can generally offer a lower rate than local firms that have higher overheads, so different rates apply.
For example I did a callout this morning to one of my commercial customers on pre arranged "out of hours" rate. I wouldn't charge any of my domestic customers that rate as I would be pricing myself out every time.
Every day is a schoolday in business I find, and you will never get rates that suit every customer every time, so be prepared to tailor your charges and just wing it every now and then.